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=== By markets and economic growth === The use of the term "market" instead of "country" usually indicates a specific focus on the characteristics of the countries' financial support system as opposed to the overall economy. * [[Developed country|Developed countries]] and [[developed market]]s * Developing countries include in decreasing order of economic growth or size of the capital market: ** [[Newly industrialized country|Newly industrialized countries]]<ref name="Globalization">{{cite book|title=Globalization and the Transformation of Foreign Economic Policy | first = Paweł | last = Bożyk | name-list-style = vanc |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7546-4638-9|chapter=Newly Industrialized Countries}}</ref><ref name="Limits">{{cite book|title=The Limits of Convergence| first = Mauro F. | last = Guillén | name-list-style = vanc |publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0-691-11633-4|chapter=Multinationals, Ideology, and Organized Labor|author-link=Mauro F. Guillén}}</ref><ref name="AIA">{{cite book|title=Geography, An Integrated Approach|last=Waugh|first=David | name-list-style = vanc |publisher=Nelson Thornes Ltd.|year=2000|isbn=978-0-17-444706-1|edition= 3rd|pages=563, 576–579, 633, and 640|chapter=Manufacturing industries (chapter 19), World development (chapter 22)}}</ref><ref name="Principles">{{cite book|title=Principles of Economics|last=Mankiw|first=N. Gregory | name-list-style = vanc |year=2007|publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-0-324-22472-6|edition= 4th}}{{pn|date=May 2025}}</ref> ** [[Emerging markets]] ** [[Frontier markets]] ** [[Least developed country|Least developed countries]] (also called less economically developed country) Under other criteria, some countries are at an intermediate stage of development, or, as the [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF) put it, following the [[fall of the Soviet Union]], "countries in transition": all those of [[Central and Eastern Europe]] (including Central European countries that still belonged to the "Eastern Europe Group" in the UN institutions); the former [[Soviet Union]] (USSR) countries in Central Asia ([[Kazakhstan]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Tajikistan]] and [[Turkmenistan]]); and [[Mongolia]]. By 2009, the IMF's [[World Economic Outlook]] classified countries as advanced, emerging, or developing, depending on "(1) per capita income level, (2) export diversification—so oil exporters that have high per capita GDP would not make the advanced classification because around 70% of its exports are oil, and (3) degree of integration into the global financial system".<ref>{{cite web|title=Q. How does the WEO categorize advanced versus emerging and developing economies?|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/faq.htm#q4b|access-date=20 July 2009|work=[[International Monetary Fund]]|archive-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417061830/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/faq.htm#q4b|url-status=live}}</ref>
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