Editing Demosthenes (section)

===Education===
Between his coming of age in 366&nbsp;BC and the trials that took place in 364&nbsp;BC, Demosthenes and his guardians negotiated acrimoniously but were unable to reach an agreement, for neither side was willing to make concessions.<ref name="HeliosMacD">D. M. MacDowell, Demosthenes the Orator, ch. 3 (''passim''); {{cite encyclopedia|title=Demosthenes|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia The Helios]]|year=1952}}</ref> At the same time, Demosthenes prepared himself for the trials and improved his oratory skill. According to a story repeated by [[Plutarch]], when Demosthenes was an adolescent, his curiosity was noticed by the orator [[Callistratus of Aphidnae|Callistratus]], who was then at the height of his reputation, having just won a case of considerable importance.<ref name="Pl5">Plutarch, ''Demosthenes'', [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0039%3Achapter%3D5%3Asection%3D1 5.1–3.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520153326/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0039%3Achapter%3D5%3Asection%3D1 |date=20 May 2012 }}</ref> According to [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], a German [[philology|philologist]] and philosopher, and [[Constantine Paparrigopoulos]], a major modern Greek historian, Demosthenes was a student of [[Isocrates]];<ref name="Nietzsche233-235">F. Nietzsche, ''Lessons of Rhetoric'', 233–235; K. Paparregopoulus, Ab, 396–398.</ref> according to [[Cicero]], [[Quintillian]] and the Roman biographer Hermippus, he was a student of [[Plato]].<ref>Plutarch, ''Demosthenes'', [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0039%3Achapter%3D5%3Asection%3D5 5.5.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520155026/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0039%3Achapter%3D5%3Asection%3D5 |date=20 May 2012 }}</ref> [[Lucian]], a Roman-Syrian rhetorician and [[satire|satirist]], lists the philosophers [[Aristotle]], [[Theophrastus]] and [[Xenocrates]] among his teachers.<ref name="Lucian1">Lucian, ''Demosthenes, An Encomium'', 12.</ref> These claims are nowadays disputed.{{Ref label|C|c|none}} According to Plutarch, Demosthenes employed [[Isaeus]] as his master in rhetoric, even though Isocrates was then teaching this subject, either because he could not pay Isocrates the prescribed fee or because Demosthenes believed Isaeus' style better suited a vigorous and astute orator such as himself.<ref>Plutarch, ''Demosthenes'', [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0039%3Achapter%3D5%3Asection%3D4 5.4.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520153410/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0039%3Achapter%3D5%3Asection%3D4 |date=20 May 2012 }}</ref> [[Ernst Curtius|Curtius]], a German [[archaeologist]] and historian, likened the relation between Isaeus and Demosthenes to "an intellectual armed alliance".<ref name="Jebb">R. C. Jebb, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0077%3Achapter%3D19%3Asection%3D4 The Attic Orators from Antiphon to Isaeos.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520155017/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0077%3Achapter%3D19%3Asection%3D4 |date=20 May 2012 }}</ref>

It has also been said that Demosthenes paid Isaeus 10,000&nbsp;[[Ancient drachma|drachma]]e (somewhat over 1½&nbsp;talents) on the condition that Isaeus withdraw from a school of rhetoric he had opened and instead devote himself wholly to Demosthenes, his new pupil.<ref name="Jebb" /> Another version credits Isaeus with having taught Demosthenes without charge.<ref name="Suda">Suda, article [http://www.stoa.org/sol-bin/search.pl?login=guest&enlogin=guest&db=REAL&field=adlerhw_gr&searchstr=Iota,620 Isaeus.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924122152/http://www.stoa.org/sol-bin/search.pl?login=guest&enlogin=guest&db=REAL&field=adlerhw_gr&searchstr=Iota,620 |date=24 September 2015 }}</ref> According to [[Sir Richard C. Jebb]], a British [[Classics|classical]] scholar, "the intercourse between Isaeus and Demosthenes as teacher and learner can scarcely have been either very intimate or of very long duration".<ref name="Jebb" /> [[Konstantinos Tsatsos]], a Greek professor and [[academician]], believes that Isaeus helped Demosthenes edit his initial judicial orations against his guardians.<ref name="Tsatsos83">K. Tsatsos, ''Demosthenes'', 83.</ref> Demosthenes is also said to have admired the historian [[Thucydides]]. In the ''Illiterate Book-Fancier,'' Lucian mentions eight beautiful copies of Thucydides made by Demosthenes, all in Demosthenes' own handwriting.<ref name="Lucian2">Lucian, ''The Illiterate Book-Fancier'', 4.</ref> These references hint at his respect for a historian he must have assiduously studied.<ref name="Weil11">H. Weil, ''Biography of Demothenes'', 10–11.</ref>