Editing Demographics of Italy (section)

=== After World War II ===
[[File:Italians leave Pola.jpg|thumb|[[Istrian Italians]] leave [[Pula|Pola]] in 1947 during the [[Istrian-Dalmatian exodus]]]]

After [[Marshal Tito|Tito]]'s annexation of [[Istria]], [[Kvarner Gulf|Kvarner]], most of the [[Julian March]] as well as the [[Dalmatia]]n city of [[Zadar|Zara]] following the [[Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947]], up to 350,000 local ethnic [[Italians]] ([[Istrian Italians]] and [[Dalmatian Italians]]) left [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|communist Yugoslavia]] ([[Istrian–Dalmatian exodus]]).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1_VCBtYq1H4C&pg=PA11|title=Istria|page=11|author1=Thammy Evans |author2=Rudolf Abraham |year=2013|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |isbn=9781841624457|name-list-style=amp}}</ref><ref name="query.nytimes.com">{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html|title=Election Opens Old Wounds in Trieste|author=James M. Markham|date=6 June 1987|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=9 June 2016}}</ref> Furthermore, all of Libya's Italians were expelled after [[Libyan Revolution of 1969|Muammar Gaddafi's takeover]] in 1970.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4380360.stm Libya cuts ties to mark Italy era.]. BBC News. 27 October 2005.</ref>

As a result of the profound economic and social changes brought by rapid postwar economic growth, including low birth rates, an aging population and thus a shrinking workforce, by the 1970s emigration had all but stopped and Italy started to have a positive net migration rate.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonifazi |first1=Corrado |last2=Heins |first2=Frank |last3=Strozza |first3=Salvatore |last4=Vitiello |first4=Mattia |title=Italy: The Italian transition from an emigration to immigration country |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267773953 |website=ResearchGate.net |publisher=Idea Working Papers |access-date=17 May 2021}}</ref> The nation's immigrant population reached 5 million by 2015, making up some 8% of the total population.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/149003 |title=La popolazione straniera residente in Italia nel 2014 |language=it |date=12 February 2015 |publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)]] |access-date=24 April 2015}}</ref> However, the long-lasting effects of the [[Eurozone crisis]] [[double-dip recession]] strongly slowed down immigration rates in Italy in the 2010s.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Caponio |first1=Tiziana |last2=Cappiali |first2=Teresa |title=Italian Migration Policies in Times of Crisis: The Policy Gap Reconsidered |url=https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/60036/Main_article_Caponio_Cappiali_post-print.pdf?sequence=1 |publisher=[[European University Institute]] |access-date=17 May 2021}}</ref>

In calendar years 2020 and 2021, as a direct effect of [[COVID-19 pandemic in Italy|COVID-19 pandemic]] and [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant|Delta]][[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant|cron]] hybrid variant, Italy has registered at least 178,000 excess deaths, a reduction of about 1.4 years in the average [[life expectancy]], a noticeable decrease in birth rates and a marked decrease in immigration rates. Thus, there's a record natural population decline of 342,042 units in that{{clarify|date=April 2024}} year, the largest ever recorded since the start of the pandemic. During the first two years of the pandemic, Italy is one of the total number of highest excess deaths from all causes was the highest recorded since [[Italy in World War I|World War I]], [[Spanish flu pandemic]], [[Great Depression]], and [[Italy in World War II|World War II]].<ref name="id2020">{{cite web|access-date=3 May 2021|url=https://www.istat.it/it/files//2021/05/REPORT_INDICATORI-DEMOGRAFICI-2020.pdf|title=Indicatori demografici, anno 2020}}</ref>

In November 2022, Italy's birth rate declined to its lowest level on record since 1861, with fewer than 400,000 births recorded that year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S.A |first=Telewizja Polska |title=Italian population keeps shrinking as birth rate hits record low in 2022 |url=https://tvpworld.com/69039959/italian-population-keeps-shrinking-as-birth-rate-hits-record-low-in-2022 |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=tvpworld.com |language=en |archive-date=24 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424122019/https://tvpworld.com/69039959/italian-population-keeps-shrinking-as-birth-rate-hits-record-low-in-2022 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-07 |title=Italian births drop to lowest level since country's unification |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/cf234ec0-ce06-4ce4-bd3c-e33f28680005 |access-date=2023-05-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population collapse imminent? Italy's birth rate drops to historic low in 2022 |url=https://www.wionews.com/world/population-collapse-imminent-italys-birth-rate-drops-to-historic-low-in-2022-580435 |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=WION |date=8 April 2023 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last1=April 08 |title=Italy's national birth rate declared a national emergency |date=2023-04-08 |url=https://www.skynews.com.au/world-news/global-affairs/italys-national-birth-rate-declared-a-national-emergency/video/038ec54e4d96aa6658ea51a0e656789a |access-date=2023-05-10 |language=en |last2=2023 - 5:27pm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-07 |title=Italy's Birth Rate Slumps to a Historical Low, Istat Says |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-04-07/italy-s-birth-rate-slumps-to-a-historical-low-istat-says |access-date=2023-05-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=2023-04-07 |title=Births in Italy hit record low in 2022, population shrinks further |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/births-italy-hit-record-low-2022-population-shrinks-further-2023-04-07/ |access-date=2023-05-10}}</ref>