Editing Deliberation (section)

===Radical deliberation===
{{citation needed section|date=July 2023}}
Radical deliberation refers to a philosophical view of deliberation inspired by the events of the student revolution in May 1968.  It aligns with political theories of radical democracy from figures like [[Michel Foucault]], [[Ernesto Laclau]], Chantal Mouffe, [[Jacques Rancière]], and [[Alain Badiou]]. These theories emphasize political deliberation as a means of engaging diverse perspectives, setting the stage for political possibilities. In their view, radical democracy remains open-ended and susceptible to changes beyond individual influence. Instead, it's shaped by the discourse resulting from contingent gatherings within larger political entities.

Michel Foucault employs "technologies of discourse" and "mechanisms of power" to explain how deliberation can be hindered or emerge through discourse technologies that give a semblance of agency by reproducing power dynamics among individuals. The concept of "mechanisms" or "technologies" presents a paradox. On one hand, these technologies are intertwined with the subjects who utilize them. On the other, discussing the coordinating machine or technology implies an infrastructure organizing society collectively. This notion suggests distancing individuals from the means of their organization, offering a god's-eye view of the social that is coordinated by the movement of its parts.

[[Chantal Mouffe]] employs "the democratic paradox" to establish a self-sustaining political model founded on inherent contradictions. These unresolved contradictions fuel productive tensions among subjects who acknowledge each other's right to speak. According to Mouffe, the only stable political foundation is the configuration of the social and the certainty of {{clarify|text=a penultimate articulation's deferral|reason=come again?|date=July 2023}}. This signifies that societal re-articulations will persist. Here, process prevails over content: the liberal/popular sovereignty paradox propels radical democracy. {{clarify|text=The rhetorical gesture of the foundational paradox|reason=the what now?|date=July 2023}} functions as a mechanism—an interface connecting human and language machinery, fostering the conditions for ongoing reconfiguration: a [[positive feedback]] loop within politics.

Chantal Mouffe and Jacques Rancière hold contrasting views regarding the conditions of politics. For Mouffe, it involves internal rearrangements of existing social structures through "articulations". Conversely, Rancière sees it as the intrusion of an unaccounted-for externality. In the realm of political "arithmetical/geometric" distinctions, there's a clear nod to mechanics or mathematics. Politics endures by perpetuating a dynamic between homeostasis and reconfiguration, akin to what [[N. Katherine Hayles]] terms "pattern" and "randomness". This cycle relies on counting what's within the police order. The political mechanism facilitates future reconfigurations by adding new elements, reshaping the social fabric, and then returning to equilibrium, ensuring the perpetuity of an incomplete "whole". Once more, it's a rhetorical paradox driving politics—a foundational arbitrariness in determining who can speak and who can't.