Editing December 19 (section)

===1601–1900===
*[[1606]] &ndash; The ships {{ship||Susan Constant}}, {{ship||Godspeed|ship|2}}, and {{ship||Discovery|1602 ship|2}} depart England carrying settlers who founded, at [[Jamestown, Virginia]], the first of the [[Thirteen Colonies|thirteen colonies]] that became the United States.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Old Dominion Society (New York, N.Y.)|author2=George William Summers|title=First Celebration of the Anniversary of the Settlement at Jamestown, Va., on the 13th of May, 1607|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qC1EAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA12|year=1860|publisher=Pudney & Russell, printers|pages=12}}</ref>
*[[1675]] &ndash; The [[Great Swamp Fight]], a pivotal battle in [[King Philip's War]], gives the English settlers a bitterly won victory.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wakefield|first=Robert S.|title=Plymouth Colony Casualties in King Philip's War|journal=The American Genealogist|date=1984|pages=238–239}}</ref>
*[[1776]] &ndash; [[Thomas Paine]] publishes one of a series of pamphlets in ''[[The Pennsylvania Journal]]'' entitled "[[The American Crisis]]".<ref>{{cite book|last=Keane|first=John|title=Tom Paine: A Political Life|location=New York|publisher=Grove Press|date=1995|isbn=9780802139641|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E4-I0O4n5jsC|page=576, fn. 11}}</ref>
*[[1777]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: [[George Washington]]'s [[Continental Army]] goes into winter quarters at [[Valley Forge|Valley Forge, Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Trussell|first=John B.B.|title=Birthplace of an Army: A Study of the Valley Forge Encampment|location=Harrisburg, Pa.|publisher=Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission|date=1976|oclc=3538099|url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.39000003345225|page=iii|hdl=2027/inu.39000003345225}}</ref>
*[[1783]] &ndash; [[William Pitt the Younger]] becomes the youngest [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] at 24.<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/history/past-prime-ministers/william-pitt William Pitt 'The Younger'][https://twitter.com/nytimes/status/1584988189827235855]</ref>
*[[1793]] &ndash; [[War of the First Coalition]]: The [[Siege of Toulon]] ends when [[Napoleon]]'s French artillery forces the British to abandon the city, securing southern France from invasion.<ref>{{cite book|title=Toulon 1793 : Napoleon's first great victory|first1=Robert|last1=Forczyk|first2=Adam|last2=Hook|date=2005|isbn=978-184603-674-3}}</ref>
*[[1796]] &ndash; [[French Revolutionary Wars]]: Two British frigates under Commodore [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Horatio Nelson]] and two Spanish frigates under Commodore Don Jacobo Stuart [[Action of 19 December 1796|engage in battle]] off the coast of [[Murcia]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Horatio Nelson Nelson (Viscount)|title=The Dispatches and Letters of Vice Admiral Lord Viscount Nelson with Notes by Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas: 1795 to 1797. 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_j1TAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA321|year=1845|publisher=Henry Colburn|pages=321}}</ref>
*[[1828]] &ndash; [[Vice President of the United States]] [[John C. Calhoun]] sparks the [[Nullification Crisis]] when he anonymously publishes the ''[[South Carolina Exposition and Protest]]'', protesting the [[Tariff of 1828]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Courtney|chapter=Volume II Chronology|editor-last=Smith|editor-first=Courtney|title=American History Through Its Greatest Speeches: A Documentary History of the United States. Vol. 2: The 19th Century|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|publisher=ABC-CLIO|date=2017|isbn=9781610699693|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-R6ZDQAAQBAJ|page=xxiii}}</ref>
*[[1900]] &ndash; [[Hopetoun Blunder]]: The first [[Governor-General of Australia]] [[John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun]], appoints Sir [[William Lyne]] premier of the new state of [[New South Wales]], but he is unable to persuade other colonial politicians to join his government and is forced to resign.<ref>{{cite book|author=Brian Carroll|title=Australia's Prime Ministers: From Barton to Howard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W8PUBuw4idYC&pg=PA23|year=2004|publisher=Rosenberg Publishing Pty, Limited|isbn=978-1-877058-22-6|pages=23}}</ref>
*  1900   &ndash; French parliament votes amnesty for all involved in scandalous army treason trial known as [[Dreyfus affair]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Legrand|title=Chronicle of the 20th Century|publisher=Ecam Publication|year=1987|page=22|isbn=0-942191-01-3}}</ref>