Editing December 13 (section)

===1601–1900===
*[[1623]] &ndash; [[Plymouth Colony|The Plymouth Colony]] establishes the system of [[Jury trial|trial]] by 12-men jury in the American colonies.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Legrand|title=Chronicle of the World|publisher=Ecam Publication|year=1989|page=244|isbn=0-13-133463-8}}</ref>
*[[1636]] &ndash; The [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] organizes three [[militia]] regiments to defend the colony against the [[Pequot people|Pequot]] [[Native Americans in the United States|Indians]], a date now considered the founding of the [[National Guard of the United States]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Doubler|first=Michael D.|title=The National Guard and Reserve: A Reference Handbook|location=Westport, Conn.|publisher=Praeger Security International|date=2008|isbn=9780275993252|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pNHbw5H07P4C|page=47}}</ref>
*[[1642]] &ndash; [[Abel Tasman]] is the first recorded European to sight [[New Zealand]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Kirk|first=Robert W.|title=Paradise Past: The Transformation of the South Pacific, 1520-1920|location=Jefferson, N.C.|publisher=McFarland & Company|date=2012|isbn=9780786469789|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_j8-YmmA7-EC|page=31}}</ref>
*[[1643]] &ndash; [[English Civil War]]: The [[Battle of Alton]] takes place in [[Hampshire]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Rayner|first=Michael|title=English Battlefields: An Illustrated Encyclopaedia|location=Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK|publisher=Tempus|date=2004|isbn=9780752429786|page=31}}</ref>
*[[1758]] &ndash; The English transport ship ''[[Duke William (ship)|Duke William]]'' sinks in the North Atlantic, killing over 360 people.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lockerby|first=Earle|title=The Deportation of the Acadians from Ile St.-Jean, 1758|journal=Acadiensis|date=Spring 1998|volume=27 |issue=2 |accessdate=December 13, 2021|url=https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/acadiensis/1998-v27-n2-acadiensis_27_2/acad27_2art03/|page=62}}</ref>
*[[1769]] &ndash; [[Dartmouth College]] is founded by the Reverend [[Eleazar Wheelock]], with a [[royal charter]] from King [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]], on land donated by [[Governor-general#Governors-general in the British Empire|Royal governor]] [[Sir John Wentworth, 1st Baronet|John Wentworth]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Crosby|first=Nathan|title=The First Half Century of Dartmouth College|location=Hanover, N.H.|publisher=J.B. Parker|date=1876|oclc=248807351|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J38MAAAAYAAJ|pages=4–5}}</ref>
*[[1818]] &ndash; [[Cyril VI of Constantinople]] resigns from his position as Ecumenical Patriarch under pressure from the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Kiminas|first=Demetrius|title=Orthodox Christianity. Vol. 1: The Ecumenical Patriarchate: A History of Its Metropolitanates With Annotated Hierarch Catalogs|location=San Bernardino, Calif.|publisher=Borgo Press|date=2009|isbn=9781434458766|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QLWqXrW2X-8C|page=42}}</ref>
*[[1862]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: At the [[Battle of Fredericksburg]], [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] General [[Robert E. Lee]] repulses attacks by [[Union Army|Union]] Major General [[Ambrose Burnside]] on Marye's Heights, inflicting heavy casualties.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gallagher|first=Gary W.|title=The Fredericksburg Campaign: Decision on the Rappahannock|location=Chapel Hill, N.C.|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|date=1995|isbn=9780807821930|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2FjqCQAAQBAJ|pages=viii-ix}}</ref>
*[[1867]] &ndash; A [[Fenian]] bomb explodes in [[Clerkenwell]], London, killing 12 people and injuring 50.<ref>{{cite book|last=Staniforth|first=Andrew|editor-last=Sampson|editor-first=Fraser|title=Routledge Companion to UK Counter Terrorism|location=London|publisher=Routledge|date=2013|isbn=9780415685856|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pemFtjeWK_UC|page=8}}</ref>