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=== New Left === After completing his graduate degree, Horowitz lived in London during the mid-1960s and worked for the [[Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.creators.com/opinion/alexander-cockburn/it-s-islamo-fascism-awareness-week-coming-to-a-campus-near-you.html|title=It's Islamo-Fascism Awareness Week, Coming to a Campus Near You!|first=Alexander|last=Cockburn|author-link=Alexander Cockburn|date=October 27, 2007|publisher=creators.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102084415/http://www.creators.com/opinion/alexander-cockburn/it-s-islamo-fascism-awareness-week-coming-to-a-campus-near-you.html|archive-date=January 2, 2016|df=mdy}} originally published in ''Counterpunch'' October 27, 2007</ref><ref name="nord1">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/368222/witness-part-i-jay-nordlinger|author=Jay Nordlinger|author-link=Jay Nordlinger|newspaper=National Review Online|title=A Witness, Part I: The meaning of David Horowitz|date=January 14, 2014}}</ref> He identified as a [[Marxism|Marxist]] intellectual. In 1966, [[Ralph Schoenman]] persuaded [[Bertrand Russell]] to convene his [[Russell Tribunal|war crimes tribunal]] to judge United States involvement in the [[Vietnam War]].{{sfn|Horowitz|2011|p=146β53}} Horowitz would write three decades later that he had political reservations about the tribunal and did not take part. He described the tribunal's judges as formidable, world-famous and radical. They included [[Isaac Deutscher]], [[Jean-Paul Sartre]], [[Stokely Carmichael]], [[Simone de Beauvoir]], [[Vladimir Dedijer]] and [[James Baldwin]].{{sfn|Horowitz|2011|p=147β53}} In January 1966, Horowitz, along with members of the Trotskyist International Marxist Group, formed the [[Vietnam Solidarity Campaign]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.historyextra.com/period/20th-century/britain-at-war-over-vietnam/|title = Britain at war over Vietnam}}</ref> The Vietnam Solidarity Campaign organized a series of protests in London against British support for the [[Vietnam War]]. While in London, Horowitz became a close friend of Deutscher, and wrote a biography of him.<ref name="WSarchive">{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-155477123.html|title=Confronting the enemy within|last=Soupcoff|first=Marni|date=November 20, 2006|publisher=Western Standard|access-date=January 8, 2010}}</ref><ref>''Isaac Deutscher: The Man and His Work.'' London: Macdonald, 1971.</ref> Horowitz wrote ''The Free World Colossus: A Critique of American Foreign Policy in the Cold War''. In January 1968, Horowitz returned to the United States, where he became co-editor of the New Left magazine ''[[Ramparts (magazine)|Ramparts]]'', settling in northern California.<ref name="nord1" /> During the early 1970s, Horowitz developed a close friendship with [[Huey P. Newton]], founder of the [[Black Panther Party]]. Horowitz later portrayed Newton as equal parts gangster, terrorist, intellectual and media celebrity.<ref name="nord1" /> As part of their work together, Horowitz helped raise money for, and assisted the Panthers with, the running of a school for poor children in [[Oakland, California|Oakland]]. He recommended that Newton hire [[Murder of Betty Van Patter|Betty Van Patter]] as bookkeeper; she was then working for ''Ramparts''. In December 1974, Van Patter's battered, decomposed body was found on a beach in [[San Francisco Bay]]; she had been murdered. It is widely believed that the Panthers were responsible for her murder, a belief also held by Horowitz.<ref name="nord1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenation.com/print/article/david-horowitzs-long-march|title=David Horowitz's Long March|date=15 June 2000|publisher=Thenation.com|access-date=April 23, 2013|last1=Sherman|first1=Scott}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=recDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT28 |title=The Strange Journey of David Horowitz |magazine=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]] |last1=Browning |first1=Frank |date=May 1987 |pages=27β38}}</ref><ref>Pearson, Hugh (1994). The Shadow of the Panther: Huey Newton and the Price of Black Power in America. Da Capo Press. p. 328. ISBN 0-201-48341-6.</ref><ref>"Left-leaving, left-leaning" Archived 2016-06-30 at the Wayback Machine, Christopher Hitchens, Los Angeles Times, November 16, 2003.</ref><ref>Kelley, Ken. September 15, 1989. "Huey Newton: I'll Never Forget". East Bay Express, Volume 11, No. 49. https://archive.org/details/Huey-Never-Forget-1989</ref> In 1976, Horowitz was a "founding sponsor" of [[James Weinstein (author)|James Weinstein]]'s magazine ''[[In These Times (magazine)|In These Times]]''.<ref> {{cite web|title=About|publisher=In These Times|url=http://inthesetimes.com/about|access-date=March 22, 2015}}</ref>
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