Editing Danny Elfman (section)

===Oingo Boingo===
{{Main|Oingo Boingo}}
After returning to Los Angeles from Africa in the early 1970s, Elfman was asked by his brother [[Richard Elfman|Richard]] to serve as musical director of his [[street theatre]] performance art troupe [[The Mystic Knights of the Oingo Boingo]].<ref name="bond2015"/>{{rp|22}} Elfman was tasked with adapting and arranging 1920s and 1930s [[jazz]] and [[big band]] music by artists such as [[Cab Calloway]], [[Duke Ellington]], [[Django Reinhardt]] and [[Josephine Baker]] for the ensemble, which consisted of up to 15 performers playing upwards of 30 instruments.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://medium.com/loopandreplay/mystic-knights-oingo-boingo-49f5170166a9 |title=The Mystic Knights of the Oingo Boingo: Danny Elfman's Circus Theater Origins |last=Benson |first=Alex |date=May 15, 2018 |website=[[Medium (website)|Medium]] |access-date=October 13, 2019 }}</ref> He also composed original pieces and helped build instruments unique for the group, including an aluminum [[gamelan]], the 'Schlitz [[celesta|celeste]]' made from tuned beer cans, and a "junkyard orchestra" built from car parts and trash cans.<ref name="halfyard2004">{{cite book |last=Halfyard |first=Janet K. |date=September 7, 2004 |title=Danny Elfman's ''Batman'': A Film Score Guide |url=https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780810851269/Danny-Elfman's-Batman-A-Film-Score-Guide |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield|Scarecrow Press]] |isbn=978-0810851269 }}</ref>

The Mystic Knights performed on the street and in theaters, and later in [[nightclub]]s throughout Los Angeles until Richard left in 1976 to pursue filmmaking.<ref name="bond2015" />{{rp|15}} As a send-off to the group's original concept, Richard produced the film ''[[Forbidden Zone]]'' based on the Mystic Knights' stage performances. Elfman composed the songs and his first [[film score|score]] for the film, and appeared as the character [[Satan]], who performs a reworked version of Calloway's "[[Minnie the Moocher]]."<ref name="kory2015">{{cite magazine |last=Grow |first=Kory |date=November 6, 2015 |title=Inside Danny Elfman's Twisted Cult Film ''Forbidden Zone'' |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/inside-danny-elfmans-twisted-cult-film-forbidden-zone-70127/ |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |access-date=September 11, 2019 }}</ref>

Before the release of ''[[Forbidden Zone]]'', Elfman took over the Mystic Knights as lead singer-songwriter in 1976. In 1979, he pared the group down to eight players to record and tour as a [[ska]]-influenced [[new wave music|new wave]] band. That summer, the group's name would change to [[Oingo Boingo]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Dana |date=April 29, 1990 |title=Eclectic and Eccentric |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/style/1990/04/29/eclectic-and-eccentric/415d9f8a-a086-432e-b574-9b7beca28cf3/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=October 13, 2019 }}</ref><ref name="denman2015" /> Their biggest success among eight studio albums penned by Elfman was 1985's ''[[Dead Man's Party (album)|Dead Man's Party]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.salon.com/2015/10/30/not_just_dead_mans_party_on_a_halloween_mix_oingo_boingo_deserves_more_respect_than_this/|title=Not just "Dead Man's Party" on a Halloween mix: Oingo Boingo deserves more respect than this|last=Hayden|first=Mack|date=October 30, 2015|website=Salon|access-date=October 15, 2019}}</ref> featuring the hit song "[[Weird Science (song)|Weird Science]]" from the movie of the same name.<ref name="AV Club" /> The band also appeared performing their single "[[Dead Man's Party (song)|Dead Man's Party]]" in the 1986 movie ''[[Back to School]]'',<ref name="Tedium">Buck, David. [https://tedium.co/2018/03/14/oingo-boingo-pop-culture-appearances/ "Mystic Knights of the Movie Soundtrack"], Tedium, March 14, 2018.</ref> for which Elfman also composed the score. Elfman shifted the band to a more guitar-oriented rock sound in the late 1980s,<ref>{{cite news |last=Willman |first=Chris |date=May 15, 1994 |title=Back to Boingo : Danny Elfman may have exhausted himself composing movie scores and TV themes, but he's getting renewed pleasure from the oddball rock band he founded and twice thought he'd retired |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-05-15-ca-57894-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=October 13, 2019 }}</ref> which continued through their last album [[Boingo (album)|''Boingo'']] in 1994.

Citing permanent hearing damage from performing live and conflicts with his film-scoring career,<ref name="bond2015" />{{rp|137}} Elfman retired Oingo Boingo in 1995 with a series of five sold-out [[Farewell (Oingo Boingo album)|final concerts]] at the [[Universal Amphitheatre]] ending on Halloween night.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-11-02-ca-64090-story.html|title=Oingo Boingo Bids Warm and Emotional Farewell|last=Hochman|first=Steve|date=November 11, 1995|website=Los Angeles Times|access-date=October 15, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deseret.com/1996/4/26/19238694/boingo-closes-career-with-a-fitting-farewell|title=Boingo Closes Career with a Fitting 'Farewell...'|last=Iwasaki|first=Scott|date=April 26, 1996|website=Deseret News|access-date=November 4, 2019}}</ref> On October 31, 2015, Elfman and Oingo Boingo guitarist [[Steve Bartek]] performed the song "Dead Man's Party" with an orchestra as an encore to a live-to-film concert of ''[[The Nightmare Before Christmas]]'' score at the [[Hollywood Bowl]]. Elfman told the audience the performance was "20 years to the day" of Oingo Boingo's retirement.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Romano|first1=Nick|title=Danny Elfman: 'Dead Man's Party' performed after 20 years|url=https://ew.com/article/2015/11/01/danny-elfman-dead-mans-party/|access-date=December 26, 2016|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=November 1, 2015}}</ref>