Editing Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu (section)

== Branches ==
Currently, there are a number of organizations that teach Daitō-ryū, each tracing their lineage back to Takeda Sokaku through one of six of his students. Those six students are: Takeda Tokimune, the progenitor of the Tokimune branch; [[Takuma Hisa]] (久 琢磨 ''Hisa Takuma'', 1895&ndash;1980), of the Hisa branch; Kōdō Horikawa (堀川 幸道 ''Horikawa Kōdō'', 1894&ndash;1980), of the Horikawa branch; Toshimi ‘Hosaku’ Matsuda (1895 - ?) kyoju-dairi 教授代理 of the Daito Ryu Aikijujutsu Shobukai ;Yukiyoshi Sagawa (''Sagawa Yukiyoshi'', 1902&ndash;1998), of the Sagawa branch, and Somekichi Kobayashi (1901&ndash;1999), of the Kobayashi branch.<ref>{{cite book| last = Kondo| first = Katsuyuki| title = Daito-ryu Aikijujutsu: Hiden Mokuroku Ikkajo| publisher = Aiki News| year = 2000| location = Tokyo| isbn = 4-900586-60-9}}</ref>

=== Tokimune ===
The Tokimune branch descends from the teachings of Takeda Tokimune, the son of Takeda Sokaku, and designated successor of Daitō-ryū upon the father's death. When Tokimune died, he had not appointed a successor; there are two main groups that carry on his teachings.

The first group is led by [[Katsuyuki Kondō]], who began his training under Tsunejiro Hosono and continued training under [[Kōtarō Yoshida (martial artist)|Kōtarō Yoshida]] (吉田 幸太郎 ''Yoshida Kōtarō'', 1883&ndash;1966) for a time, before being introduced to Tokimune. On the basis of the high level teaching licenses Kondo was granted by Tokimune, his followers represent his school as the Daitō-ryū "mainline". Kondo has done much to increase the visibility of the art by hosting seminars both in Tokyo and abroad, especially in Europe and the United States.<ref>{{cite web|last=Daito-ryu Aikijujutsu Headquarters |title=Kondo Katsuyuki |work=History |publisher=Daito-ryu Aikijujutsu Headquarters |year=2006 |url=http://www.daito-ryu.org/history4_eng.html |access-date=20 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706040804/http://www.daito-ryu.org/history4_eng.html |archive-date=6 July 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the last years many Branches were created all over the world. The biggest groups are located in Italy (under Alex Muracchini and Luca Canovi), Russia (under Evgeny Bodrenko and Stanislav Kopin), Netherlands (Robert Breedveld, Niels van Willigen, Anton Brandregt, and Ilse van der Hoeven), Slovakia (under Stephan Kurilla). In the USA there are also several Branch dōjōs such as Derek Steel in Philadelphia, Mark Sumi in Los Angeles and Jose Garrido in the New York City Metro area. In the United Kingdom there is a study group in Suffolk (under Oran Redmond). Australia study group is led by Rachael Crompton in Sidney. Switzerland’s study groups are led by Pascal Badan (Lausanne) and Selahattin Ak (Zürich).<ref>{{cite web|last=Daito-ryu Aikijujutsu Headquarters, Locations |title=Kondo Katsuyuki |work=History |publisher=Daito-ryu Aikijujutsu Headquarters, Locations |year=2016 |url=http://www.daito-ryu.org/en/locations.html |access-date=8 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706040804/http://www.daito-ryu.org/history4_eng.html |archive-date=6 July 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The second group from the Tokimune branch is headed by Shigemitsu Kato and Gunpachi Arisawa, who are long-time students and teachers from Tokimune's original Daitokan headquarters in [[Hokkaidō]]. This organization is called the {{Nihongo|Nihon Daito Ryu Aikibudo Daito Kai|日本大東流合気武道大東会|Nihon Daitō-ryū Aikibudō Daitō Kai}}. They maintain a smaller organization in Hokkaidō, with strong connections to practitioners in Europe (especially Italy), the United States, and Brazil.<ref>{{cite web|last=European Daito Ryu Aikibudo Daito Kai |title=Affiliate nations to our association |work=Daito-ryu Aikijujutsu Aikibudo |publisher=www.daito-ryu.com |url=http://www.daito-ryu.com/en/one.htm |access-date=20 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070318032142/http://www.daito-ryu.com/en/one.htm |archive-date=18 March 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Hisa ===
[[Image:Osaka Asahi Shimbun Bldgs 20120429-001.jpg|thumb|upright|right|The [[Asahi Newspaper]] office in [[Osaka, Japan]], where many Daitō-ryū techniques were preserved on film as originally taught by both [[Morihei Ueshiba]] and [[Takeda Sōkaku]] ]]

The second major branch of Daitō-ryū is represented by students of Takuma Hisa. His students banded together and founded the {{Nihongo|Takumakai|琢磨会}}. They have a wealth of materials in the form of film and still photographs, taken at the [[Asahi Newspaper]] ''[[dōjō]]'', recording the Daitō-ryū techniques taught to them, first by Morihei Ueshiba and then later by Takeda Sokaku directly. One of their major training manuals, called the ''Sōden'', features techniques taught to them by both masters.<ref name="Takumakai Outline">{{cite web| last = Daito Ryu Aiki Jujutsu Takumakai| title = The Takumakai: An Outline| publisher = www.asahi-net.or.jp| url = http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~DE6S-UMI/tkm01.htm| access-date = 20 July 2007}}</ref>

The Takumakai represents the second largest ''aiki-jūjutsu'' organization. The current director is Mori Hakaru assisted by honorary director is Chiba Tsugutaka, and the manager is Kobayashi Kiyohiro.<ref name="Takumakai Outline"/> Chiba Tsugutaka, who proposed the idea of naming the organization "Takumakai",<ref name=Erard-2013-10-01>{{cite web |work = GuillaumeErard.com |url = http://www.guillaumeerard.com/daito-ryu-aiki-jujutsu/videos/documentary-on-chiba-tsugutaka-the-daito-ryu-aikijujutsu-master-of-shikoku-part-3 |title = Documentary onChiba Tsugutaka, the Daito-ryu Aikijujutsu master of Shikoku part 3 |first = Guillaume |last = Erard |location = Tokyo |access-date = 11 March 2016 }}{{dead link|date=August 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> also spent some time training at the Daito-kan in Hokkaido under Takeda Tokimune.<ref name=Erard-2013-07-08>{{cite web |work = GuillaumeErard.com |url = http://www.guillaumeerard.com/daito-ryu-aiki-jujutsu/videos/documentary-on-chiba-tsugutaka-the-daito-ryu-aikijujutsu-master-of-shikoku-part-2 |title = Documentary on Chiba Tsugutaka, the Daito-ryu Aikijujutsu master of Shikoku part 2 |first = Guillaume |last = Erard |location = Tokyo |access-date = 11 March 2016 }}{{dead link|date=August 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

In the 1980s, led by [[Shogen Okabayashi]] (''Okabayashi Shogen'', born 1949-2018), who was sent by the elderly Hisa to train under the headmaster, the Takumakai made a move to implement the forms for teaching the fundamentals of the art as originally established by Tokimune Takeda. This move upset some preservers of Hisa's original teaching method, leading to the formation of a new organization called the Daibukan, founded by a long term student of Hisa, Kenkichi Ohgami (''Ōgami Kenkichi'', born 1936).<ref>{{cite web|last=Daibukan Dojo |title=Information on the Daibukan |work=Daibukan @ Daitoryu Aiki Jujutsu |publisher=Daibukan Dojo |year=2003 |url=http://www.h2.dion.ne.jp/~daibukan/index_e.html |access-date=20 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216195610/http://www.h2.dion.ne.jp/~daibukan/index_e.html |archive-date=16 February 2007|url-status=dead }}</ref> Later, in order to implement greater changes to the curriculum, Okabayashi himself chose to separate from the Takumakai and formed the Hakuho-ryu.<ref>{{cite web |last=www.koryukan.com |title=Interview with Okabayashi Sensei, founder and headmaster of Daito Ryu Hakuho Kai, and Rod Ulher as interpreter. |work=Articles And Events |publisher=www.koryukan.com |url=http://www.koryukan.com/En/articles.html |access-date=20 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106042841/http://www.koryukan.com/En/articles.html |archive-date=6 November 2007}}</ref>

=== Horikawa ===
The Horikawa branch descends from the teachings of Kōdō Horikawa. A few organizations have been formed based on his teachings.

The {{Nihongo|Kodokai|幸道会|Kōdōkai}} was founded by students of Horikawa, whose distinctive interpretation of ''[[aiki (martial arts principle)|aiki]]'' movements can be seen in the movements of his students.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Pranin |first=Stanley |title=On separate language editions, Seigo Okamoto and Hakko-ryu Jujutsu |journal=Aiki News |volume=83 |date=January 1990 |url=http://www.aikidojournal.com/article?articleID=9 |access-date=20 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016190403/http://www.aikidojournal.com/article?articleID=9 |archive-date=16 October 2007}}</ref> The Kodokai is located in Hokkaidō and is headed by Yusuke Inoue (''Inoue Yasuke'', born 1932). Both Inoue's father and his main teacher, Horikawa, were direct students of Takeda Sokaku. Inoue received his teaching license (''[[Menkyo Kaiden]]'') in accordance with Horikawa's final wishes.

There are two major teachers who branched off from the Kodokai to establish their own traditions. The first was Seigō Okamoto (岡本 正剛 ''Okamoto Seigō'', 1925-2015) who founded the {{Nihongo|Daito-ryu Aikijujutsu Roppokai|大東流 合気柔術 六方会|Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu Roppōkai}}. His interpretation of ''aiki'' and minimal movement throws. The organization has a great following abroad, especially in the United States and Europe.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Pranin |first=Stanley |title=Interview with Seigo Okamoto Shihan (02) |journal=Aiki News |volume=84 |date=Spring 1990 |url=http://www.aikidojournal.com/article?articleID=402&highlight=kodokai |access-date=20 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015180150/http://www.aikidojournal.com/article?articleID=402&highlight=kodokai |archive-date=15 October 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last = Roppokai|title = History|work = Information|publisher = www.daitoryu-roppokai.org|year = 2005|url = http://www.daitoryu-roppokai.org/site/Information/History/tabid/55/Default.aspx|access-date = 20 July 2007|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928011245/http://www.daitoryu-roppokai.org/site/Information/History/tabid/55/Default.aspx|archive-date = 28 September 2007}}</ref> Another group was that of Katsumi Yonezawa (米沢 克巳 ''Yonezawa Katsumi'', 1937&ndash;1998), who founded his own organization, called the {{Nihongo|[[Bokuyōkan]]|牧羊館}}. In the early 1970s, while Yonezawa was still a senior teacher at the Kodokai, he was the first person to bring Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu to the United States and Canada.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| last = Pranin| first = Stanley| title = Yonezawa, Katsumi| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Aikido| year = 2006| url = http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia?entryID=778| access-date = 20 July 2007| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017200408/http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia?entryID=778| archive-date = 17 October 2007}}</ref> The Bokuyōkan is currently run by his son Hiromitsu Yonezawa (''Yonezawa Hiromitsu''), headquartered in Hokkaidō, with a following at the Yonezawa ''dojo'' and several branches in the United States, as well as a ''dojo'' in Germany.<ref>{{cite web|last = Tung|first = Tim|title = Links|work = TungBudo.com|publisher = Cat and Moon Productions|date = 2005|url = http://TungBudo.com/links.htm|access-date = 20 July 2007|url-status = usurped|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070715195145/http://www.tungbudo.com/links.htm|archive-date = 15 July 2007}}</ref>

=== Sagawa ===
[[Image:University of Tsukuba 1.jpg|thumb|right|The [[University of Tsukuba]], where members of the Sagawa branch teach ''aiki-jūjutsu'' today]]

The last major group consists of students of Yukiyoshi Sagawa (佐川 幸義, ''Sagawa Yukiyoshi'', 1902&ndash;1998), who was once considered to be the successor to Takeda Sokaku (should Tokimune not have survived World War II).{{citation needed|date=February 2010}} Sagawa ran only a single ''dojo'' and taught a relatively small number of students. He began studying Daitō-ryū under Takeda Sokaku in 1914 after first learning the art from his father, Sagawa Nenokichi (1867–1950), who was also a student of Sokaku and a holder of a ''[[Kyōju Dairi]]'' (teaching license) in the system. Although considered by many to be one of the most accomplished students of Sokaku,<ref name="Pranin-Sagawa">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Pranin |first=Stanley |title=Sagawa, Yukiyoshi |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Aikido |year=2006 |url=http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia?entryID=563 |access-date=20 July 2007|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926225632/http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia?entryID=563 |archive-date=26 September 2007}}</ref> Yukiyoshi Sagawa received the ''kyoju dairi'' in 1932—but did not receive the ''[[menkyo kaiden]]'' (certificate of mastery) of the system's secrets, as during the time he practised under Takeda Sokaku, the highest licence was not the ''menkyo kaiden''. Sagawa often served as a teaching assistant to Takeda and traveled with him to various locations in Japan teaching Daito-ryu. He further developed the art of applying Aiki and is said to have remained powerful until very late in life, and&nbsp;– as a consequence of the success of ''Transparent Power''&nbsp;– was featured in a series of articles in the Aiki News magazines prior to his death in 1998.<ref name="Pranin-Sagawa"/>

Tatsuo Kimura (木村 達雄 ''Kimura Tatsuo'', born 1947), a former mathematics professor at the [[University of Tsukuba]] and a senior student of Sagawa, ran a small ''aiki-jūjutsu'' study group at that institution. He retired from his professorship there in June 2013, and has retired from public instruction of Daito Ryu. He now privately instructs a small group of students. He has written two books about his training under Sagawa: ''Transparent Power'' and ''Discovering Aiki''.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wollos |first=Paul |title=Report on Sagawa-ha Daito-ryu Aikibujutsu |journal=Aikido Journal |url=http://www.aikidojournal.com/article.php?articleID=242 |access-date=20 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013161512/http://www.aikidojournal.com/article.php?articleID=242 |archive-date=13 October 2007}}</ref>