Editing Daimyo (section)

==Edo period==
[[File:Date_Munenari_(coloured).jpeg|thumb|[[Date Munenari]], eighth head of the [[Uwajima Domain]]]]
[[File:Kamei Koremi.jpg|thumb|upright|Kamei Koremi, a daimyo during the [[bakumatsu]] period.]]
The [[Battle of Sekigahara]] in 1600 marked the beginning of the [[Edo period]]. ''[[Shōgun]]'' [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] reorganized roughly 200 daimyo and their territories into ''[[Han (Japan)|han]],'' which were assessed by rice production. Those heading ''han'' assessed at 10,000 ''[[koku]]'' (50,000 bushels) or more were considered daimyo. Ieyasu also categorized the daimyo according to their relation to the ruling Tokugawa family: the ''[[Shinpan (daimyo)|shinpan]]'' were related to the Tokugawa; the ''[[fudai]]'' had been vassals of the Tokugawa or allies in battle; and the ''[[tozama]]'' had not allied with the Tokugawa before the [[Battle of Sekigahara]] (did not necessarily fight against the Tokugawa).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Flath |first1=David |title=The Japanese Economy |pages=23}}</ref>

The ''shinpan'' were collaterals of Ieyasu, such as the [[Matsudaira clan|Matsudaira]], or descendants of Ieyasu other than in the main line of succession. Several ''shinpan'', including the Tokugawa of [[Owari Province|Owari]] ([[Nagoya]]), [[Kii Province|Kii]] ([[Wakayama Prefecture|Wakayama]]), and [[Mito, Ibaraki|Mito]], as well as the Matsudaira of [[Fukui Prefecture|Fukui]] and [[Aizu]], held large ''han''.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}

A few ''fudai daimyō'', such as the [[Ii clan|Ii]] of [[Hikone, Shiga|Hikone]], held large ''han,'' but many were small. The shogunate placed many ''fudai'' at strategic locations to guard the trade routes and the approaches to [[Edo (Tokyo)|Edo]]. Also, many ''fudai daimyo'' took positions in the Edo shogunate, some rising to the position of ''[[rōjū]].'' The fact that ''fudai daimyo'' could hold government positions, while ''tozama'' in general could not, was a main difference between the two.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}

''Tozama daimyō'' held mostly large fiefs far away from the capital, with e.g. the [[Kaga Domain|Kaga]] ''han'' of [[Ishikawa Prefecture]], headed by the [[Maeda clan]], assessed at 1,000,000 ''koku''. Other famous ''tozama'' clans included the [[Mōri clan|Mori]] of [[Nagato Province|Chōshū]], the [[Shimazu family|Shimazu]] of [[Satsuma Province|Satsuma]], the [[Date clan|Date]] of [[Sendai]], the [[Uesugi clan|Uesugi]] of [[Yonezawa, Yamagata|Yonezawa]], and the [[Hachisuka clan|Hachisuka]] of [[Awa Province (Tokushima)|Awa]]. Initially, the Tokugawa regarded them as potentially rebellious, but for most of the Edo period, control policies such as ''[[sankin-kōtai]]'', resulted in peaceful relations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Edo Period Timeline – USC Pacific Asia Museum |url=https://pacificasiamuseum.usc.edu/exhibitions/past/online-exhibition-nature-of-the-beast-animals-in-japanese-paintings-and-prints/edo-period-timeline/ |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=pacificasiamuseum.usc.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Tsukahira |first=Toshio G. |title=Preliminary Material |date=1966-11-04 |work=Feudal Control in Tokugawa Japan |pages=i–xvi |url=https://brill.com/display/book/9781684171514/BP000001.xml |access-date=2024-06-24 |publisher=Harvard University Asia Center |language=en |isbn=978-1-68417-151-4}}</ref>

Daimyo were required to maintain residences in Edo as well as their fiefs, and to move periodically between Edo and their fiefs, typically spending alternate years in each place, in a practice called ''[[sankin-kōtai]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sankin Kōtai |url=https://www.japanpitt.pitt.edu/glossary/sankin-k%C5%8Dtai |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=www.japanpitt.pitt.edu}}</ref>