Editing Cyprus problem (section)

===EOKA campaign and creation of TMT, 1955–1959===
{{See also|Cyprus Emergency}}
[[File:Taksim graffiti in Nicosia late 1950s.jpg|thumb|"TAKSİM" (division) graffiti on a wall in Nicosia in the late 1950s]]
In January 1955, Grivas founded the National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters ({{transliteration|el|Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston}} – [[EOKA]]). On 1 April 1955, [[EOKA]] opened an armed campaign against British rule in a coordinated series of attacks on police, military, and other government installations in [[Nicosia]], [[Famagusta]], [[Larnaca]], and [[Limassol]]. This resulted in the deaths of 387 British servicemen and personnel<ref>[http://www.britishcyprusmemorial.org/roll UK casualties of war] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725102127/http://www.britishcyprusmemorial.org/roll |date=25 July 2011 }} UK army personnel killed by Greek Cypriot EOKA militant organisation</ref> and some Greek Cypriots suspected of collaboration.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishcyprusmemorial.org |title=britishcyprusmemorial.org |publisher=britishcyprusmemorial.org |date= |accessdate=2022-03-18}}</ref> As a result of this a number of Greek Cypriots began to leave the police. This however did not affect the Colonial police force as they had already created the solely Turkish Cypriot (Epicourical) reserve force to fight EOKA paramilitaries. At the same time, it led to tensions between the Greek and Turkish Cypriot communities. In 1957 the Turkish Resistance Organisation ({{lang|tr|Türk Mukavemet Teşkilatı}} [[Turkish Resistance Organisation|TMT]]), which had already been formed to protect the Turkish Cypriots from EOKA, took action. In response to the growing demand for {{transliteration|el|enosis}}, a number of Turkish Cypriots became convinced that the only way to protect their interests and identity of the Turkish Cypriot population in the event of {{transliteration|el|enosis}} would be to divide the island – a policy known as {{lang|tr|taksim}} ("partition" in [[Turkish language|Turkish]] borrowed from {{transliteration|ar|Taqsīm}} ({{lang|ar|تقسیم}}) in [[Arabic Language|Arabic]]) – into a Greek sector in the south and a Turkish sector in the north.