Editing Curculionidae (section)

==Phylogeny and systematics==
The [[phylogeny]] of the group is complex; with so many species, a spirited debate exists about the relationships between subfamilies and genera. A 1997 analysis attempted to construct a phylogeny based mainly on larval characteristics.<ref name=":2">{{cite journal |author=Adriana E. Marvaldi |year=1997 |title=Higher level phylogeny of Curculionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) based mainly on larval characters, with special reference to broad-nosed weevils |journal=[[Cladistics (journal)|Cladistics]] |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=285–312 |url=http://www.cricyt.edu.ar/entomologia/Articulos/Cladistics13%281997%29.pdf |doi=10.1111/j.1096-0031.1997.tb00321.x |pmid=34911227 |s2cid=202843753 |access-date=2009-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218064752/http://www.cricyt.edu.ar/entomologia/Articulos/Cladistics13(1997).pdf |archive-date=2012-02-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref><!-- Two recent (and widely different) systematic schemes: Oberprieler ''et al.'' (2007), Bouchard ''et al.'' (2011) -->

Recent work on the phylogenetic relationships in weevils mentions the two subfamily groups '''Adelognatha''' (''short-nosed weevils'', subfamily [[Entiminae]]) and '''Phanerognatha''' (''long-nosed weevils'', subfamilies of Curculionidae other than Entiminae) for the species of Curculionidae.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Bark and wood boring insects in living trees in Europe: a synthesis |date=2007 |publisher=Kluwer |isbn=978-1-4020-2240-1 |editor-last=Lieutier |editor-first=François |edition=Repr |location=Dordrecht}}</ref>

Almost two dozen [[subfamilies]] are recognized by some authors even when merging those that are certainly invalid. Others, however, recognize a lesser number – the only subfamilies that are almost universally considered valid are the [[Baridinae]], [[Cossoninae]], [[Curculioninae]], [[Cyclominae]], [[Entiminae]], [[Molytinae]], [[Platypodinae]], and [[Scolytinae]]. The various proposed [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomic]] schemes typically recognize as many additional subfamilies again, but little agreement is seen between authorities about which. In particular, the delimitation of the [[Molytinae]] has proven difficult.{{cn|date=December 2022}}

The timeline for current and extant weevil speciation and diversification is consistent with the radiation of [[gymnosperm]]s during the Mesozoic period.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Shin|first1=Seunggwan|last2=Clarke|first2=Dave J|last3=Lemmon|first3=Alan R|last4=Moriarty Lemmon|first4=Emily|last5=Aitken|first5=Alexander L|last6=Haddad|first6=Stephanie|last7=Farrell|first7=Brian D|last8=Marvaldi|first8=Adriana E|last9=Oberprieler|first9=Rolf G|last10=McKenna|first10=Duane D|date=2018-04-01|title=Phylogenomic Data Yield New and Robust Insights into the Phylogeny and Evolution of Weevils|url=https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/35/4/823/4765916|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|language=en|volume=35|issue=4|pages=823–836|doi=10.1093/molbev/msx324|pmid=29294021 |issn=0737-4038|doi-access=free|hdl=11336/57287|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
[[File:Curculio larva.jpg|thumb|160px|''Curculio'', scarabeiform larva]]
The subfamilies considered valid by at least some authors today:
* [[Bagoinae]] (sometimes in Molytinae)
* [[Baridinae]]
* [[Brachycerinae]] (disputed; sometimes placed at family level)
* [[Ceutorhynchinae]] (sometimes in Baridinae)
* [[Conoderinae]] (sometimes in Baridinae)
* [[Cossoninae]]
* [[Cryptorhynchinae]] (sometimes in Curculioninae)[[File:Cionus tuberculosus - 2012-06-29.ogv|thumb|''Cionus tuberculosus'' ([[Curculioninae]])]]
** ''[[Acalles]]''
* [[Curculioninae]] – flower weevils, acorn and nut weevils
[[File:Weevil3.jpg|thumb|''Curculio nucum'', a brown nut-weevil]]
* [[Cyclominae]]
* [[Dryophthorinae]] (sometimes placed at family level)
* [[Entiminae]] – broad-nosed weevils
* [[Hyperinae]] (sometimes in Molytinae)
* [[Lixinae]] (sometimes in Molytinae)
* [[Mesoptiliinae]] (sometimes in Molytinae)
* [[Molytinae]]
* [[Orobitidinae]] (sometimes in Baridinae)
* [[Platypodinae]] – typical [[ambrosia beetle]]s, "higher" Curculionidaes<ref name=nlg/>
* [[Raymondionyminae]] (sometimes in Brachycerinae)
* [[Scolytinae]] – bark beetles
* [[Xiphaspidinae]] (sometimes in Baridinae)