Editing Cucurbitaceae (section)

== Classification ==

===Tribal classification===
[[File:Cucurbitaceae 2.jpg|thumb|[[Pumpkin|Pumpkins]] and [[Cucurbita|squashes]] displayed in a show competition]]
[[File:Cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae).jpg|thumb|right|A selection of cucurbits of the [[South Korea|South Korean]] Genebank in [[Suwon]]]]
[[File:2016-11-10 Cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae) Madrid Botanico.jpg|thumb|Cucurbits on display at the [[Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid]], with the title "Variedades de calabaza" include gourds and edible species of ''Cucurbita'' and ''Lagenaria''.]]
The most recent classification of Cucurbitaceae delineates 15 [[Tribe (biology)|tribes]]:<ref name="Schaefer">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schaefer H, Renner SS |year=2011 |title=Phylogenetic relationships in the order Cucurbitales and a new classification of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) |journal=[[Taxon (journal)|Taxon]] |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=122–138 |doi=10.1002/tax.601011 |jstor=41059827 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Schaefer H, Kocyan A, Renner SS |year=2007 |title=Phylogenetics of ''Cucumis'' (Cucurbitaceae): Cucumber (''C. sativus'') belongs in an Asian/Australian clade far from melon (''C. melo'') |journal=[[BMC Evolutionary Biology]] |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=58–69 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-7-58 |pmid=17425784 |pmc=3225884 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2007BMCEE...7...58R }}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=350px}}
* '''Tribe [[Gomphogyneae]] <small>Benth. & Hook.f.</small>'''
** ''[[Alsomitra]]'' <small>(Blume) Spach</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Bayabusua]]'' <small></small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Gomphogyne]]'' <small>Griff.</small> (2 spp.)
** ''[[Gynostemma]]'' <small>Blume</small> (10 spp.)
** ''[[Hemsleya]]'' <small>Cogn. ex F.B.Forbes & Hemsl.</small> (30 spp.)
** ''[[Neoalsomitra]]'' <small>Hutch.</small> (12 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Triceratieae]] <small>A.Rich.</small>''' <!--=Fevilleeae Benth. & Hook. f. 1867. -->
** ''[[Cyclantheropsis]]'' <small>Harms</small> (3 spp.)
** ''[[Fevillea]]'' <small>L.</small> (8 spp.)
** ''[[Pteropepon]]'' <small>(Cogn.) Cogn.</small> (5 spp.)
** ''[[Sicydium (plant)|Sicydium]]'' <small>Schltdl.</small> (9 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Zanonieae]] <small>Benth. & Hook.f.</small>'''
** ''[[Gerrardanthus]]'' <small>Harvey in Hook.f.</small> (3–5 spp.)
** ''[[Siolmatra]]'' <small>Baill.</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Xerosicyos]]'' <small>Humbert</small> (5 spp.)
** ''[[Zanonia]]'' <small>L.</small> (1 sp.)
* '''Tribe [[Actinostemmateae]] <small>H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner</small>'''
** ''[[Actinostemma]]'' <small>Griff.</small> (3 spp.)
** ''[[Bolbostemma]]'' {{small|Franquet}} (2 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Indofevilleeae]] <small>H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner</small>'''
** ''[[Indofevillea]]'' <small>[[Debabarta Chatterjee|Chatterjee]]</small> (2 sp.)
* '''Tribe [[Thladiantheae]] <small>H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner</small>'''
** ''[[Baijiania]]'' <small>A.M.Lu & J.Q.Li</small> (30 spp.)
** ''[[Sinobaijiania]]'' {{small|C.Jeffrey & W.J.de Wilde}} (5 spp.)
** ''[[Thladiantha]]'' <small>Bunge 1833</small> (5 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Siraitieae]] <small>H. Schaef. & S.S. Renner</small>'''
** ''[[Siraitia]]'' <small>Merr.</small> (3–4 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Momordiceae]] <small>H.Schaef. & S.S.Renner</small>'''
** ''[[Momordica]]'' <small>L.</small> (60 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Joliffieae]] <small>Schrad.</small>''' <!--=Telfairieae Arn. 1841 -->
** ''[[Ampelosicyos]]'' <small>Thouars</small> (5 spp.)
** ''[[Cogniauxia]]'' <small>Baill.</small> (2 spp.)
** ''[[Telfairia]]'' <small>Hook.</small> (3 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Bryonieae]] <small>Dumort.</small>'''
** ''[[Austrobryonia]]'' <small>H.Schaef.</small> (4 spp.)
** ''[[Bryonia]]'' <small>L.</small> (10 spp.)
** ''[[Ecballium]]'' <small>A.Rich.</small> (1 sp.)
* '''Tribe [[Schizopeponeae]] <small>C.Jeffrey</small>'''
** ''[[Herpetospermum]]'' <small>Wall. ex Hook.f.</small> (3 spp.)
** ''[[Schizopepon]]'' <small>Maxim.</small> (6–8 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Sicyoeae]] <small>Schrad.</small>'''
** ''[[Brandegea]]'' <small>Cogn.</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Cyclanthera]]'' <small>Schrad.</small> (40 spp.)
** ''[[Echinocystis]]'' <small>Torr. & A.Gray</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Echinopepon]]'' <small>Naudin</small> (19 spp.)
** ''[[Hanburia (plant)|Hanburia]]'' <small>Seem.</small> (7 spp.)
** ''[[Hodgsonia]]'' <small>Hook.f. & Thomson</small> (2 spp.)
** ''[[Linnaeosicyos]]'' <small>H.Schaef. & Kocyan</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Luffa]]'' <small>Mill.</small> (5–7 spp.)
** ''[[Marah (plant)|Marah]]'' <small>Kellogg</small> (7 spp.)
** ''[[Microsechium]]'' {{small|Naudin}} (4 spp.)
** ''[[Nothoalsomitra]]'' <small>Hutch.</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Parasicyos]]'' {{small|Dieterle}} (2 sp.)
** ''[[Sechiopsis]]'' {{small|Naudin}} (5 spp.)
** ''[[Sicyocaulis]]'' {{small|Wiggins}} (1 sp.)
** ''[[Sicyos]]'' <small>L.</small> (64 spp., including ''Frantzia'' <small>Pittier</small> and ''[[Sechium]]'' <small>P.Browne</small>)
** ''[[Sicyosperma]]'' {{small| A.Gray}} (1 sp.)
** ''[[Trichosanthes]]'' <small>L.</small> (≤100 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Coniandreae]] <small>Endl.</small>'''
** ''[[Apodanthera]]'' <small>Arn.</small> (16 spp.)
** ''[[Bambekea]]'' <small>Cogn.</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Ceratosanthes]]'' <small>Adans.</small> (4 spp.)
** ''[[Corallocarpus]]'' <small>Welw. ex Benth. & Hook.f.</small> (17 spp.)
** ''[[Cucurbitella (plant)|Cucurbitella]]'' <small>Walp.</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Dendrosicyos]]'' <small>Balf.f.</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Doyerea]]'' <small>Grosourdy</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Eureiandra]]'' <small>Hook.f.</small> (8 spp.)
** ''[[Gurania]]'' <small>(Schltdl.) Cogn.</small> (37 spp.)
** ''[[Halosicyos]]'' <small>Mart.Crov</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Helmontia]]'' <small>Cogn.</small> (2–4 spp.)
** ''[[Ibervillea]]'' <small>Greene</small> (8 spp.)
** ''[[Kedrostis]]'' <small>Medik.</small> (28 spp.)
** ''[[Psiguria]]'' <small>Neck. ex Arn.</small> (6–12 spp.)
** ''[[Seyrigia (plant)|Seyrigia]]'' <small>Keraudren</small> (6 spp.)
** ''[[Trochomeriopsis]]'' <small>Cogn.</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Wilbrandia]]'' <small>Silva Manso</small> (5 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Benincaseae]] <small>Ser.</small>'''
** ''[[Acanthosicyos]]'' <small>Welw. ex Hook.f.</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Benincasa]]'' <small>Savi</small> (2 spp., including ''Praecitrullus'' <small>Pangalo</small>)
** ''[[Blastania]]'' {{small|Kotschy & Peyr.}} (3 spp., including ''Ctenolepis'' <small>Hook.f.</small>)
** ''[[Borneosicyos]]'' <small></small> (1–2 spp.)
** ''[[Cephalopentandra]]'' <small>Chiov.</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Citrullus]]'' <small>Schrad.</small> (4 spp.)
** ''[[Coccinia]]'' <small>Wight & Arn.</small> (30 spp.)
** ''[[Cucumis]]'' <small>L.</small> (65 spp.)
** ''[[Dactyliandra]]'' <small>Hook.f. </small> (2 spp.)
** ''[[Diplocyclos]]'' <small>(Endl.) T.Post & Kuntze</small> (4 spp.)
** ''[[Indomelothria]]'' <small></small> (2 spp.)
** ''[[Khmeriosicyos]]'' <small></small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Lagenaria]]'' <small>Ser.</small> (6 spp.)
** ''[[Lemurosicyos]]'' <small>Keraudren</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Melothria]]'' <small>L.</small> (12 spp., including ''[[Melothria scabra|M. scabra]]'')
** ''[[Muellerargia]]'' <small>Cogn.</small> (2 sp.)
** ''[[Oreosyce]]'' {{small|Hook.f.}} (1 sp.)
** ''[[Papuasicyos]]'' <small></small> (8 spp.)
** ''[[Peponium]]'' <small>Engl.</small> (20 spp.)
** ''[[Raphidiocystis]]'' <small>Hook.f.</small> (5 spp.)
** ''[[Ruthalicia]]'' <small>C.Jeffrey</small> (2 spp.)
** ''[[Scopellaria]]'' <small>W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes</small> (2 spp.)
** ''[[Solena (plant)|Solena]]'' <small>Lour.</small> (3 spp.)
** ''[[Trochomeria]]'' <small>Hook.f.</small> (8 spp.)
** ''[[Zehneria]]'' <small>Endl.</small> (''ca.'' 60 spp.)
* '''Tribe [[Cucurbiteae]] <small>Ser.</small>'''
** ''[[Abobra]]'' <small>Naudin</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Calycophysum]]'' <small>H.Karst. & Triana</small> (5 spp.)
** ''[[Cayaponia]]'' <small>Silva Manso</small> (74 spp.)
** ''[[Cionosicys]]'' <small>Griseb.</small> (4–5 spp.)
** ''[[Cucurbita]]'' <small>L.</small> (15 spp.)
** ''[[Penelopeia]]'' <small>Urb.</small> (2 spp.)
** ''[[Peponopsis]]'' <small>Naudin</small> (1 sp.)
** ''[[Polyclathra]]'' <small>Bertol.</small> (6 spp.)
** ''[[Schizocarpum]]'' <small>Schrad.</small> (11 spp.)
** ''[[Selysia]]'' <small>Cogn.</small> (4 spp.)
** ''[[Sicana]]'' <small>Naudin</small> (4 spp.)
** ''[[Tecunumania]]'' <small>Standl. & Steyerm.</small> (1 sp.)
{{div col end}}

===Systematics===
Modern [[molecular phylogenetics]] suggest the following relationships:<ref name="Schaefer"/><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=((Zhang L-B)), Simmons MP, Kocyan A, Renner SS |year=2006 |title=Phylogeny of the Cucurbitales based on DNA sequences of nine loci from three genomes: Implications for morphological and sexual system evolution |journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]] |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=305–322 |url=http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Zhang_Cucurbitales_MPE2006.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908221529/http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Zhang_Cucurbitales_MPE2006.pdf |archive-date=2013-09-08 |url-status=live |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2005.10.002 |pmid=16293423|bibcode=2006MolPE..39..305Z }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Schaefer H, Heibl C, Renner SS |year=2009 |title=Gourds afloat: A dated phylogeny reveals an Asian origin of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) and numerous oversea dispersal events |journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society B|Proc R Soc B]] |volume=276 |issue=1658 |pages=843–851 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2008.1447|pmid=19033142 |pmc=2664369 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=de Boer HJ, Schaefer H, Thulin M, Renner SS |year=2012 |title=Evolution and loss of long-fringed petals: A case study using a dated phylogeny of the snake gourds, ''Trichosanthes'' (Cucurbitaceae) |journal=[[BMC Evolutionary Biology]] |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=108 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-12-108|pmid=22759528 |pmc=3502538 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2012BMCEE..12..108D }}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |author=Belgrano MJ |year=2012 |title=Estudio sistemático y biogeográfico del género ''Apodanthera'' Arn. (Cucurbitaceae) |trans-title=Systematic and biogeographic study of the genus ''Apodanthera'' Arn. (Cucurbitaceae) |type=Ph.D. |publisher=Universidad Nacional de La Plata |url=http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/26411}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |vauthors=Renner SS, Schaefer H |year=2016 |chapter=Phylogeny and evolution of the Cucurbitaceae |veditors=Grumet R, Katzir N, Garcia-Mas J |title=Genetics and Genomics of Cucurbitaceae |volume=20 |series=Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models |location=New York, NY |publisher=Springer International Publishing |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1007/7397_2016_14|isbn=978-3-319-49330-5 }}</ref>

<!------------------- collapsible element containing large cladogram of APG IV phylogeny --------------->
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; border:solid 1px #aaa"
|-
! style="background:#F0F2F5" |Detailed [[Cladogram]] showing Cucurbitaceae phylogeny
|-
|
{{Clade|style=line-height:90%;font-size:90%;
<!--|2={{clade
|2=[[Anisophylleaceae]]&nbsp;([[Outgroup (cladistics)|outgroup]])-- not necessary to show outgroup-->
|label1=Cucurbitaceae
|1={{clade
   |1={{clade
      |label1=[[Gomphogyneae]]
      |1={{clade
         |1=''[[Alsomitra]]''
         |2={{clade
            |1=''[[Bayabusua]]''
            |2={{clade
               |1={{clade
                  |1=''[[Hemsleya]]''
                  |2=''[[Gomphogyne]]''
                  }}
               |2={{clade
                  |1=''[[Gynostemma]]''
                  |2=''[[Neoalsomitra]]''
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   |2={{clade
      |1={{clade
         |label1=[[Triceratieae]] <!-- The position of Anisosperma is uncertain. -->
         |1={{clade
            |1=''[[Fevillea]]''
            |2={{clade
               |1=''[[Pteropepon]]''
               |2={{clade
                  |1=''[[Cyclantheropsis]]''
                  |2=''[[Sicydium (plant)|Sicydium]]''
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         |label2=[[Zanonieae]]
         |2={{clade
            |1=''[[Gerrardanthus]]''
            |2={{clade
               |1={{clade
                  |1=''[[Zanonia]]''
                  |2=''[[Siolmatra]]''
                  }}
               |2=''[[Xerosicyos]]''
               }}
            }}
         }}
      |2={{clade
         |1={{clade
            |label1=[[Actinostemmateae]]
            |1=''[[Actinostemma]]''
            }}
         |2={{clade
            |1={{clade
               |label1=[[Indofevilleeae]]
               |1=''[[Indofevillea]]''
               }}
            |2={{clade
               |1={{clade
                  |label1=[[Thladiantheae]]
                  |1={{clade
                     |1=''[[Baijiania]]''
                     |2=''[[Thladiantha]]''
                     }}
                  }}
               |2={{clade
                  |1={{clade
                     |label1=[[Siraitieae]]
                     |1=''[[Siraitia]]''
                     }}
                  |2={{clade
                     |1={{clade
                        |label1=[[Momordiceae]]
                        |1=''[[Momordica]]''
                        }}
                     |2={{clade
                        |1={{clade
                           |label1=[[Joliffieae]]
                           |1={{clade
                              |1=''[[Cogniauxia]]''
                              |2={{clade
                                 |1=''[[Telfairia]]''
                                 |2=''[[Ampelosicyos]]''
                                 }}
                              }}
                           }}
                        |2={{clade
                           |1={{clade
                              |label1=[[Bryonieae]]
                              |1={{clade
                                 |1={{clade
                                    |1=''[[Ecballium]]''
                                    |2=''[[Bryonia]]''
                                    }}
                                 |2=''[[Austrobryonia]]''
                                 }}
                              }}
                           |2={{clade
                              |1={{clade
                                 |label1=[[Sicyoeae]]
                                 |1={{clade
                                    |1={{clade
                                       |1=''[[Nothoalsomitra]]''
                                       |2={{clade
                                          |1=''[[Hodgsonia]]''
                                          |2={{clade
                                             |1={{clade
                                                |1=''[[Echinocystis]]''
                                                |2=''[[Marah (plant)|Marah]]''
                                                }}
                                             |2={{clade
                                                |1={{clade
                                                   |1=''[[Echinopepon]]''
                                                   |2=''[[Frantzia]]''
                                                   }}
                                                |2={{clade
                                                   |1=''[[Cyclanthera]]''
                                                   |2=''[[Hanburia (plant)|Hanburia]]''
                                                   }}
                                                |3=''[[Sicyos]]''
                                                }}
                                             }}
                                          }}
                                       }}
                                    |2={{clade
                                       |1=''[[Linnaeosicyos]]''
                                       |2={{clade
                                          |1=''[[Luffa]]''
                                          |2=''[[Trichosanthes]]''
                                          }}
                                       }}
                                    }}
                                 }}
                              |2={{clade
                                 |label1=[[Schizopeponeae]]
                                 |1={{clade
                                    |1=''[[Schizopepon]]''
                                    |2=''[[Herpetospermum]]''
                                    }}
                                 }}
                              |3={{clade
                                 |1={{clade
                                    |label1=[[Coniandreae]]
                                    |1=CONIANDREAE
                                    }}
                                 |2={{clade
                                    |label1=[[Cucurbiteae]]
                                    |1=CUCURBITEAE
                                    |label2=[[Benincaseae]] <!-- The position of Khmeriosicyos is uncertain. -->
                                    |2=BENINCASEAE
                                    }}
                                 }}
                              }}
                           }}
                        }}
                     }}
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   }}
  
|targetA=CONIANDREAE
|subcladeA={{clade
           |1={{clade
              |1=''[[Bambekea]]''
              |2=''[[Eureiandra]]''
              }}
           |2={{clade
              |1=''[[Dendrosicyos]]''
              |2={{clade
                 |1={{clade
                    |1=''[[Trochomeriopsis]]''
                    |2=''[[Seyrigia (plant)|Seyrigia]]''
                    }}
                 |2={{clade
                    |1=''[[Corallocarpus]]''
                    |2={{clade
                       |1=''[[Cucurbitella (plant)|Cucurbitella]]''
                       |2={{clade
                          |1={{clade
                             |1=''[[Doyerea]]''
                             |2={{clade
                                |1=''[[Wilbrandia]]''
                                |2={{clade
                                   |1=''[[Psiguria]]''
                                   |2={{clade
                                      |1=''[[Helmontia]]''
                                      |2=''[[Gurania]]''
                                      }}
                                   }}
                                }}
                             }}
                          |2=''[[Melotrianthus]]''
                          |3={{clade
                             |1=''[[Kedrostis]]''
                             |2={{clade
                                |1={{clade
                                   |1={{clade
                                      |1=''[[Ceratosanthes]]''
                                      |2=''[[Halosicyos]]''
                                      }}
                                   |2=''[[Apodanthera]]''
                                   }}
                                |2={{clade
                                   |1=''[[Tumamoca]]''
                                   |2=''[[Ibervillea]]''
                                   }}
                                }}
                             }}
                          }}
                       }}
                    }}
                 }}
              }}
           }} <!-- end CONIANDREAE subtree -->
                           
|targetB=CUCURBITEAE
|subcladeB={{clade
           |1={{clade
              |1=''[[Polyclathra]]''
              |2={{clade
                 |1=''[[Peponopsis]]''
                 |2=''[[Cucurbita]]''
                 }}
              }}
           |2={{clade
              |1={{clade
                 |1=''[[Penelopeia (plant)|Penelopeia]]''
                 |2=''[[Calycophysum]]''
                 |3=''[[Sicana]]''
                 }}
              |2={{clade
                 |1=''[[Tecunumania]]''
                 |2={{clade
                    |1=''[[Schizocarpum]]''
                    |2={{clade
                       |1=''[[Cionosicys]]''
                       |2={{clade
                          |1=''[[Abobra]]''
                          |2=''[[Cayaponia]]''
                          }}
                       }}
                    }}
                 }}
              }}
           }} <!-- end CUCURBITEAE subtree -->
                           
|targetC=BENINCASEAE
|subcladeC={{clade
           |1=''[[Zehneria]]''
           |2={{clade
              |1={{clade
                 |1={{clade
                    |1=''[[Citrullus]]''
                    |2={{clade
                       |1=''[[Peponium]]''
                       |2=''[[Lagenaria]]''
                       }}
                    }}
                 |2={{clade
                    |1=''[[Acanthosicyos]]''
                    |2={{clade
                       |1={{clade
                          |1=''[[Raphidiocystis]]''
                          |2={{clade
                             |1=''[[Cephalopentandra]]''
                             |2={{clade
                                |1=''[[Lemurosicyos]]''
                                |2={{clade
                                   |1=''[[Solena (plant)|Solena]]''
                                   |2=''[[Borneosicyos]]''
                                   }}
                                }}
                             }}
                          }}
                       |2={{clade
                          |1=''[[Benincasa]]''
                          |2={{clade
                             |1=''[[Ctenolepis]]''
                             |2={{clade
                                |1=''[[Dactyliandra]]''
                                |2=''[[Trochomeria]]''
                                }}
                             }}
                          }}
                       }}
                    }}
                 }}
              |2={{clade
                 |1={{clade
                    |1=''[[Ruthalicia]]''
                    |2={{clade
                       |1=''[[Indomelothria]]''
                       |2=''[[Melothria]]''
                       }}
                    }}
                 |2={{clade
                    |1={{clade
                       |1={{clade
                          |1=''[[Coccinia]]''
                          |2=''[[Diplocyclos]]''
                          }}
                       |2={{clade
                          |1=''[[Papuasicyos]]''
                          |2=''[[Scopellaria]]''
                          }}
                       }}
                    |2={{clade
                       |1=''[[Muellerargia]]''
                       |2=''[[Cucumis]]''
                       }}
                    }}
                 }}
              }}
           }} <!-- end BENINCASEAE subtree -->
}}
|} <!-- end collapsed table -->

{{anchor|Pests|Diseases}}