Editing Cross-platform software (section)

===Software <span class="anchor" id="Software platforms"></span>===
A [[software platform]] can be either an [[operating system]] (OS) or [[programming environment]], though more commonly it is a combination of both. An exception is [[Java (programming language)|Java]], which uses an OS-independent [[virtual machine]] (VM) to execute [[Java bytecode]]. Some software platforms are:

* [[Android (operating system)|Android]] (ARM64)
* [[ChromeOS]] (ARM32, ARM64, IA-32, x86-64)
* [[Common Language Infrastructure]] (CLI) by [[Microsoft]], implemented in:
** The legacy [[.NET Framework]] that works only on Microsoft Windows.
** The newer [[.NET]] framework (simply called ".NET") that works across Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux.
** Other implementations such as [[Mono (software)|Mono]] (formerly by [[Novell]] and [[Xamarin]]<ref name="Mono_by_Xamarin">{{cite web |title=About Mono |url=http://www.mono-project.com/docs/about-mono/ |access-date=2015-12-17 |publisher=mono-project.com}}</ref>)
* [[HarmonyOS]] (ARM64, RISC-V, x86, x64, and LoongArch)
* [[iOS]] ((ARMv8-A))
* [[iPadOS]] (ARMv8-A)
* [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
* [[Linux]] (&nbsp;Alpha, ARC, ARM, C-Sky, Hexagon, LoongArch, m68k, Microblaze, MIPS, Nios II, OpenRISC, PA-RISC, PowerPC, RISC-V, s390, SuperH, SPARC, x86, Xtensa)
* [[macOS]] x86, ARM (Apple silicon)
* [[Microsoft Windows]] (IA-32, x86-64, ARM, ARM64)
* [[PlayStation 4]] (x86), PlayStation 3 (PowerPC) and [[PlayStation Vita]] (ARM)
* [[Oracle Solaris|Solaris]] (SPARC, x86)
* [[SPARC]]
* [[Unix]] (many platforms since 1969)
* [[Web browser]]s – mostly compatible with each other, running [[JavaScript]] web-apps
* [[Xbox]]

;Minor, historical
* AmigaOS (m68k), [[AmigaOS 4]] (PowerPC), [[AROS]] (x86, PowerPC, m68k), MorphOS (PowerPC)
* [[Atari TOS]], [[MiNT]]
* [[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD]] (many platforms; see NetBSDnet,{{Clarify|reason=|date=July 2018}} for example)
* [[DOS]]-type systems on the x86: [[MS-DOS]], [[IBM PC DOS|PC DOS]], [[DR-DOS]], [[FreeDOS]]
* [[OS/2]], [[eComStation]]
* [[BeOS]] (PowerPC, x86)

==== Java <span class="anchor" id="Java platform"></span> ====
{{Main|Java (software platform)}}
The [[Java (programming language)|Java language]] is typically compiled to run on a VM that is part of the Java platform. The [[Java virtual machine]] (Java VM, JVM) is a CPU implemented in software, which runs all Java code. This enables the same code to run on all systems that implement a JVM. Java software can be executed by a hardware-based [[Java processor]]. This is used mostly in embedded systems.

Java code running in the JVM has access to OS-related services, like disk [[input/output]] (I/O) and network access, if the appropriate privileges are granted. The JVM makes the system calls on behalf of the Java application. This lets users to decide the appropriate protection level, depending on an [[access-control list]] (ACL). For example, disk and network access is usually enabled for desktop applications, but not for browser-based [[applet]]s. The [[Java Native Interface]] (JNI) can also be used to access OS-specific functions, with a loss of portability.

Currently, Java Standard Edition software can run on Microsoft Windows, macOS, several Unix-like OSs, and several [[real-time operating system]]s for embedded devices. For mobile applications, browser plugins are used for Windows and Mac based devices, and Android has built-in support for Java. There are also subsets of Java, such as [[Java Card]] or [[Java Platform, Micro Edition]], designed for resource-constrained devices.