Editing Critic (section)

== Social and political critics ==

Social and political critics have used various forms of art to express their criticism, including literature and music. [[Pierre Beaumarchais]], for example, prior to the [[French Revolution]], used his play [[The Marriage of Figaro (play)|''The Marriage of Figaro'']] to denounce aristocratic privilege, and a critic's influence is enhanced by subsequent reworkings such as the operatic versions of Beaumarchais's play (''[[The Barber of Seville]]'') by [[Gioachino Rossini|Rossini]] and (''[[The Marriage of Figaro]]'') by [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]]. [[August Ahlqvist]], a Finnish professor and poet, who highly admired [[J. L. Runeberg]], the national poet of Finland, gave very negative feedback to the entire literary production of the author [[Aleksis Kivi]], when Kivi presented content of the peoples social life in the form of rude [[Realism (arts)|realism]] instead of [[romanticism]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kansallisbiografia.fi/english/person/2826 |title=Kivi, Aleksis (1834–1872) |last1=Sihvo |first1=Hannes |date=2014 |website=The National Biography of Finland |access-date=1 May 2016 |archive-date=September 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927030126/https://kansallisbiografia.fi/english/person/2826 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://authorscalendar.info/akivi.htm |title=Kivi, Aleksis (1834–1872) |last1=Liukkonen |first1=Petri |date=2008 |website=Authors' Calendar |access-date=9 May 2016 |archive-date=February 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226010748/http://authorscalendar.info/akivi.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Among the most famous social/political criticism in literary form are [[Jonathan Swift|Jonathan Swift's]] satire ''[[Gulliver's Travels]]'' and [[George Orwell]]'s satire ''[[Animal Farm]]''. Some political critics, such as [[Ai Weiwei]] use visual art as their medium. Throughout history, political critics have faced higher risks, including the risk of imprisonment or death.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/hrw-calls-for-release-of-thai-government-critic/3238970.html|title=HRW Calls for Release of Thai Government Critic|website=VOA|access-date=2016-03-27|archive-date=March 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317020323/http://www.voanews.com/content/hrw-calls-for-release-of-thai-government-critic/3238970.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africanews.com/2016/03/21/zambian-opposition-leader-arrested-for-defaming-president-lungu/|title=Zambian opposition leader arrested for 'defaming' President Lungu|website=africanews.channel|access-date=2016-03-27|archive-date=April 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409104545/http://www.africanews.com/2016/03/21/zambian-opposition-leader-arrested-for-defaming-president-lungu/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/pakistanis-throng-for-funeral-of-man-hanged-for-killing-critic-of-blasphemy-laws-1456855688|title=Pakistanis Throng Funeral of Man Hanged for Killing Critic of Blasphemy Laws|last1=Shah|first1=Saeed|last2=Nauman|first2=Qasim|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|issn=0099-9660|access-date=2016-03-27|archive-date=December 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204234839/https://www.wsj.com/articles/pakistanis-throng-for-funeral-of-man-hanged-for-killing-critic-of-blasphemy-laws-1456855688|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-nemtsov-idUSKCN0W00M4|title=Thousands march in Moscow to honor slain Kremlin critic Nemtsov|date=2016-02-28|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=2016-03-27|archive-date=January 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116210652/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-nemtsov-idUSKCN0W00M4|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/beijing-critic-family-detained-china-internet-crackdown/3256261.html|title=Beijing Critic Says Family Detained in China in Internet Crackdown|website=VOA|access-date=2016-03-27|archive-date=March 28, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328222613/http://www.voanews.com/content/beijing-critic-family-detained-china-internet-crackdown/3256261.html|url-status=live}}</ref>