Editing Criminal justice (section)

===Law enforcement===
{{Main|Law enforcement}}
The first contact a defendant has with the criminal justice system is usually with the [[police]] (or ''[[law enforcement]]'') who investigates the suspected wrongdoing and makes an [[arrest]], but if the suspect is dangerous to the whole nation, a national level [[law enforcement agency]] is called in. When warranted, law enforcement agencies or police officers are empowered to use force and other forms of legal coercion and means to effect public and [[social order]]. The term is most commonly associated with police departments of a [[State (polity)|state]] that are authorized to exercise the [[Police power (United States constitutional law)|police power]] of that state within a defined legal or territorial area of responsibility. The word comes from the [[Latin]] ''politia'' ("civil administration"), which itself derives from the {{Langx|grc|πόλις}} for {{Transliteration|grc|polis}} ("city").<ref>{{OEtymD|police|access-date=8 February 2007}}</ref> The first police force comparable to the present-day police was established in 1667 under King [[Louis XIV]] in France, although modern police usually trace their origins to the 1800 establishment of the [[Thames River Police]] in [[London]], the [[City of Glasgow Police|Glasgow Police]], and the [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleonic]] [[Prefecture of Police|police of Paris]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Dinsmor |first=Alastair |title=Glasgow Police Pioneers |publisher=The Scotia News |date=Winter 2003 |url=http://www.scotia-news.com/issue5/ISSUE05a.htm |access-date=10 January 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716173010/http://www.scotia-news.com/issue5/ISSUE05a.htm |archive-date=16 July 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=History|url=http://www.met.police.uk/msu/history.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716200107/http://www.met.police.uk/msu/history.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive -->|archive-date=16 July 2007|access-date=10 February 2007|work=Marine Support Unit|publisher=Metropolitan Police}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=La Lieutenance Générale de Police|url=http://www.prefecture-police-paris.interieur.gouv.fr/documentation/bicentenaire/theme_expo1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011122200432/http://www.prefecture-police-paris.interieur.gouv.fr/documentation/bicentenaire/theme_expo1.htm|archive-date=22 November 2001|work=La Préfecture de Police fête ses 200 ans Juillet 1800 – Juillet 2000|publisher=La Préfecture de Police au service des Parisiens|language=fr}}</ref>

Police are primarily concerned with keeping the peace and enforcing [[criminal law]] based on their particular mission and jurisdiction. Formed in 1908, the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] began as an entity which could investigate and enforce specific federal laws as an investigative and "[[law enforcement agency]]" in the United States;<ref>{{cite book| last =FBI| title =THE FBI: A Centennial History, 1908–2008| publisher =FBI| year =2009| location =Washington, D.C.| pages =138| isbn = 978-0-16-080954-5}}</ref> this, however, has constituted only a small portion of overall policing activity.<ref>{{cite book| last =Walker| first =Samuel| title =A Critical History of Police Reform: The Emergence of Professionalism| publisher =Lexington Books| year =1977| location =Lexington, MT| pages =143| isbn =978-0-669-01292-7}}</ref> Policing has included an array of activities in different contexts, but the predominant ones are concerned with [[Public-order crime|order maintenance]] and the provision of services.<ref>{{cite book| last =Neocleous| first =Mark| title =Fabricating Social Order: A Critical History of Police Power| publisher =Pluto Press| year =2004| location =London| pages =93–94| id = ISBN}}</ref> During modern times, such endeavors contribute toward fulfilling a shared mission among law enforcement organizations with respect to the traditional policing mission of deterring crime and maintaining societal order.<ref>{{cite book|last1=McElreath|first1=David|last2=Doss|first2=Daniel|last3=Jensen|first3=Carl|last4=Wigginton|first4=Michael|last5=Kennedy|first5=Ralph|last6=Winter|first6=Kenneth|last7=Mongue|first7=Robert|last8=Bounds|first8=Janice|last9=Estis-Sumerel|first9=J. Michelle|title=Introduction to Law Enforcement|date=2013|publisher=CRC Press|location=Boca Raton, Florida|isbn=978-1466556232|page=87|edition=1}}</ref>