Editing Conveyor belt (section)

== Structure ==
The [[Belt (mechanical)|belt]] consists of one or more layers of material. It is common for belts to have three layers: a top cover, a carcass and a bottom cover. The purpose of the carcass is to provide linear strength and shape. The carcass is often a woven or metal fabric having a [[Warp (weaving)|warp]] & [[weft]].  The warp refers to longitudinal cords whose characteristics of resistance and elasticity define the running properties of the belt. The weft represents the whole set of transversal cables allowing to the belt specific resistance against cuts, tears and impacts and at the same time high flexibility. The most common carcass materials are [[steel]], [[polyester]], [[nylon]], [[cotton]] and [[aramid]] (class of heat-resistant and strong synthetic fibers, with [[Twaron]] or [[Kevlar]] as brand names). The covers are usually various rubber or plastic compounds specified by use of the belt.

Steel conveyor belts are used when high strength class is required. For example, the highest strength class conveyor belt installed is made of steel cords. This conveyor belt has a strength class of {{convert|10000|N/mm|abbr=on}} and it operates at [[Chuquicamata]] mine, in [[Chile]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mining.com/web/awarding-of-the-worlds-most-powerful-belt-conveyor-system/ |access-date=2017-11-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110225452/http://www.mining.com/web/awarding-of-the-worlds-most-powerful-belt-conveyor-system/ |archive-date=2017-11-10 |title=Awarding of the World's Most Powerful Belt Conveyor System |website=Mining.com |date=April 15, 2016}}</ref> Polyester, nylon and cotton are popular with low strength classes. Aramid is used in the range {{convert|630|-|3500|N/mm|abbr=on}}. The advantages of using aramid are energy savings, enhanced lifetimes  and improved productivity.<ref>Lodewijks G. (2011), "The Next Generation Low Loss Conveyor Belts", Proceedings of the Beltcon 16 conference, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa, August 3–4, 2011.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.e-mj.com/departments/operating-strategies/4731-dupont-says-belts-with-kevlar-can-run-faster-longer.html |title=DuPont Says Belts with Kevlar Can Run Faster, Longer |date=5 December 2014 |access-date=2017-11-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110225252/http://www.e-mj.com/departments/operating-strategies/4731-dupont-says-belts-with-kevlar-can-run-faster-longer.html |archive-date=2017-11-10 |work=Engineering and Mining Journal}}</ref> As an example, a {{convert|2250|N/mm|adj=on}}, {{convert|3400|m|yd|adj=mid|-long}} underground belt installed at Baodian Coal Mine, part of in [[Yanzhou Coal Mining Company]], [[China]], was reported to provide energy savings of over 15%.<ref>Ven H.J.F.M., Beers H., Jinglei W, Martins C., Mendez E. (2017), "Aramid in conveyor belts in operation: extended lifetime, energy savings and environmental effects", Proceedings of the Beltcon 19 conference, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa, August 2–3, 2017"</ref> Whilst [[Shenhua Group]], has installed several [[aramid]] conveyor belts, including a {{convert|4400|N/mm|adj=on}} belt with a length of {{convert|11600|m|mi|abbr=in}}.