Editing Convention (norm) (section)

=== Social ===
{{Main|Norm (social)|Mores|Norm (philosophy)|taboo}}
In [[sociology]], a ''social rule'' refers to any social convention commonly adhered to in a [[society]]. These ''rules'' are not written in [[law]] or otherwise formalized. In [[social constructionism]], there is a great focus on social rules. It is argued that these rules are socially constructed, that these rules act upon every member of a society, but at the same time, are re-produced by the individuals.

Sociologists representing [[symbolic interactionism]] argue that social rules are created through the interaction between the members of a society. The focus on active interaction highlights the fluid, shifting character of social rules. These are specific to the social context, a context that varies through time and place. That means a social rule changes over time within the same society. What was acceptable in the past may no longer be the case. Similarly, rules differ across space: what is acceptable in one society may not be so in another.

Social rules reflect what is ''acceptable'' or ''normal'' behaviour in any situation. [[Michel Foucault]]'s concept of [[discourse]] is closely related to social rules as it offers a possible explanation how these rules are shaped and change. It is the social rules that tell people what is ''normal'' behaviour for any specific category. Thus, social rules tell a woman how to behave in a [[Femininity|womanly]] manner, and a man, how to be [[Masculinity|manly]]. Other such rules are as follows:

*Strangers being introduced shake hands, as in Western societies,<ref name="auto2">{{cite web |title=40 Examples of Moral and Social Norms |url=https://www.lifepersona.com/40-examples-of-moral-and-social-norms |website=www.lifepersona.com |access-date=4 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hagan |first1=Ekua |title=The Art of Handshaking |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/spycatcher/201307/the-art-handshaking |website=www.psychologytoday.com |access-date=4 April 2021}}</ref> but:
**[[Bowing (social)|Bow]] toward each other, in Korea, Japan and China
** ''[[Thai greeting|Wai]]'' each other in Thailand
**''Do not'' bow at each other, in the Jewish tradition
**In the United States, eye contact, a [[Nodding#As greeting|nod]] of the head toward each other, and a smile, with no bowing; the palm of the hand faces sideways, neither upward nor downward, in a business handshake.
**Present business cards to each other, in business meetings (both-handed in Japan)
*Click heels together, while saluting in some military contexts <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://moebius.freehostia.com/honours.htm|title=Rendering Honours|website=moebius.freehostia.com|access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref>
*In most places it's always polite to ask before kissing or hugging, this is called [[public display of affection]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Public Displays of Affection Abroad (PDA) - Expat Guide Asia |url=http://www.expatguideasia.com/public-displays-affection-pda |website=www.expatguideasia.com |access-date=10 October 2018 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524131242/http://www.expatguideasia.com/public-displays-affection-pda |archive-date=24 May 2017}}</ref>
*A property norm is to place things back where we found them.
*A property norm is used to identify which [[commodity money|commodities]] are accepted as money.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Young |first1=H. Peyton |title=Social Norms: Prepared for the New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics |url=https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2338-1 |doi=10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2338-1 |isbn=9781349951215 |s2cid=13026974 |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Araujo |first1=Luis |title=Social norms and money |journal=Journal of Monetary Economics |date=2004 |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=241–256 |doi=10.1016/j.jmoneco.2003.01.005 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304393203001429 |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref>
*A [[sexual norm]] can refer to a personal or a social norm.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bozon|first1=Michel|last2=Rennes|first2=Juliette|title=The history of sexual norms: the hold of age and gender|date=February 2015|publisher=Belin|isbn=9782701194325|page=304|edition=42|url=https://www.cairn-int.info/article-E_CLIO1_042_0007--the-history-of-sexual-norms-the-hold.htm|access-date=2019-09-26}}</ref> Most cultures have social norms regarding sexuality, and define normal sexuality to consist only of certain sex acts between individuals who meet specific criteria of age, consanguinity, race/ethnicity, and/or social role and socioeconomic status. In the west outside the [[family values|traditional norm]] between consenting adults what is considered not normal is what falls under what is regarded as [[paraphilia]] or sexual perversion. 
*A form of [[marriage]], [[polygyny]] or [[polyandry]], is right or wrong in a [[Types of marriages|given society]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Burton |first1=Neel |title=The Pros and Cons of Polygamy Is there a link between polygamy and social unrest? |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/hide-and-seek/201801/the-pros-and-cons-polygamy |website=www.psychologytoday.com |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Solomon |first1=Andrew |title=How Polyamorists and Polygamists Are Challenging Family Norms |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/03/22/how-polyamorists-and-polygamists-are-challenging-family-norms |website=www.newyorker.com |date=12 March 2021 |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Mondal |first1=Puja |title=Mores (Strongest Social Norms): Meaning and Characteristics |url=https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/sociology/mores-strongest-social-norms-meaning-and-characteristics/35066 |website=www.yourarticlelibrary.com/ |date=12 April 2014 |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref> as is homosexual marriage considered wrong in many of the societies. A religious more for an example is that a woman or man must not cohabitate, live together, when romantically involved until they have gotten married. Adultery is considered wrong that is not violating sexual fidelity when there is union of a couple in marriage. 
*A men's and women's [[dress code]].<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |last1=McNaught |first1=Amber |title=What Are Social Norms? You Follow Them Every Day Without Even Noticing |url=https://www.lifehack.org/587690/what-are-social-norms-you-follow-them-every-day-without-even-noticing |website=www.lifehack.org |date=9 May 2017 |access-date=4 April 2021}}</ref>
*Avoid using rude hand gestures like pointing at people, [[Profanity|swear words]], [[Obscenity|offensive]] language etc.,<ref name="auto1"/> 
*A woman's [[curtsey]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Croffey |first1=Amy |title=Etiquette to meet the Queen: The curtsy is out and kissing was never in |url=https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/how-prince-charles-exbutler-kept-favour-with-the-royals-unlike-paul-burrell-20160613-gphm1k.html |website=www.smh.com.au |date=14 June 2016 |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref> in some societies
*In the Middle East, never displaying the sole of the foot toward another, as this would be seen as a grave insult.
*In many schools, though seats for students are not assigned they are still "claimed" by certain students, and sitting in someone else's seat is considered an insult.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Robins |first1=Aaron Vela |title=A Social Norms Experiment: The Unspoken Rule of Class Seats |url=http://gcmag.org/a-social-norms-experiment-the-unspoken-law-of-class-seats/ |website=www.gcmag.org |date=23 November 2016 |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref>
*To [[Norm of reciprocity|reciprocate]] when something is done for us.<ref>{{cite web |last1= |first1= |title=Norm of Reciprocity and Persuasion |url=https://www.psychologistworld.com/behavior/compliance/strategies/norm-of-reciprocity |website=www.psychologistworld.com |date= 23 January 2017|access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref>
*[[Etiquette]] norms,<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=25 Etiquette Rules You Should Never Forget |url=https://www.powerofpositivity.com/25-rules-good-manners-etiquette-everyone-know-follow/ |website=www.powerofpositivity.com |date=17 November 2016 |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref> like asking to be excused from the gathering's table, be ready to pay for your bill particularly in the case you asked people to dinner, it is a faux pas to refuse an offer of food as a guest.
*[[birth control|Contraception]] norms, not to limit access to them by women who require it, some cultures limit contraception.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=SC, DL, D, JC. |first1=Dixon, Herbert, Loxton, Lucke |title='As many options as there are, there are just not enough for me': Contraceptive use and barriers to access among Australian women |journal=Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care |date=2014 |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=340–51 |doi=10.3109/13625187.2014.919380 |pmid=24901891 |s2cid=20602371 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24901891/|access-date=8 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=CC, LA, A, J, JS |first1=Garrett, Keogh , Kavanagh, Tomnay , Hocking |title=Understanding the low uptake of long-acting reversible contraception by young women in Australia: A qualitative study |journal=BMC Women's Health |date=2015 |volume=15 |pages=15:72 |doi=10.1186/s12905-015-0227-9|pmid=26359250 |pmc=4566517 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=A, L |first1=Mills, Barclay |title=None of them were satisfactory: Women's experiences with contraception |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6909857|journal=Health Care Women Int |date=2006 |volume=27 |issue=5 |pages=379–98 |doi=10.1080/07399330600629468 |pmid=16877290 |s2cid=9017737 |access-date=8 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Drucker |first1=Donna J. |title=Contraception A Concise History By |url=https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/contraception |series=The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series |date=7 April 2020 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=9780262538428 |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=November 2021}}
*[[Recreational drug use]] restrictions on access or as popularly accepted in the culture<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015-10-24|title=Specialty Drug Classes That Are Costing Consumers an Arm and a Leg|url=http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2015/10/24/specialty-drug-classes-that-are-costing-consumers.aspx|journal=The Motley Fool}}</ref> where it is used as an example alcohol, nicotine, cannabis and hashish, there is a disincentive and prohibition for controlled substances where use and sale is prohibited like MDMA and party drugs.
*The belief that certain forms of [[discrimination]] are unethical because they take something away from the person by restrictions and by being ostracised. Furthermore, can "Restrict women's and girls' rights, access to empowerment opportunities and resources".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ferrant, Fuiret |first1=Gaëlle, Léa |title=Social norms and gender equality: The potential for social transformation and women's empowerment |url=https://womendeliver.org/2018/social-norms-and-gender-equality-the-potential-for-social-transformation-and-womens-empowerment/ |website=www.womendeliver.org |date=11 June 2018 |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref>
*A person has a [[aged care|duty of care]] for the aged persons within the family.<ref name="auto2"/> This is particularly true in countries of Asia. Much of aged care falls under unpaid labor.
*Refuse to favor known persons, as this would be an abuse of power relationship.
*Do not make a [[promise]] if you know that you can not keep it.<ref name="auto2"/>
*Do not ask for money if you know that you can not pay it back to that person or place.
*"Practice honesty and not deceive the innocent with false promises to obtain economic benefits or gratuities."<ref name="auto2"/> 
*It is suitable to make a [[Pledge of Allegiance]] in the United States, when prompted to in some social contexts.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Etzler, Cooper |first1=Summer, Brandon |title=The Pledge of Allegiance: To stand or not to stand |url=https://lhslance.org/2016/opinion/the-pledge-of-allegiance-to-stand-or-not-to-stand/ |website=lhslance.org |publisher=Lancer Media |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Longley |first1=Robert |title=A Brief History of the Pledge of Allegiance |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/pledge-of-allegiance-brief-history-3320198 |website=www.thoughtco.com |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref>
*An [[gentlemen's agreement]], or gentleman's agreement, is an informal and legally non-binding agreement between two or more parties. We follow through on our business dealings, when we say we will do something then we do it and will not falter to do so.<ref name="auto2"/>
*Do not divulge the privacy of others.<ref name="auto2"/>
*Treat friends and family [[nonviolence|nonviolently]], be faithful and honest in a couple, to treat with respect the beliefs, activities or aims of our parents, show respect for beliefs, religious and cultural symbols of others.<ref name="auto2"/>
* Tolerate and respect people with functional diversity, particularly when they wish to integrate in a game or sports equipment. Also tolerate different points of view than your own, even if contrary, and do not try and change their beliefs by force.<ref name="auto2"/>
*Give the seat to people with children, pregnant or elderly, in public and private transportation.<ref name="auto2"/>
*Face the front, do not go elevator surfing, and do not push extra buttons in an elevator or stand too close to someone if there are few people.<ref name="auto1"/> 
*In a library, it is polite to have talk in the same noise volume as that of a classroom.
*In a cinema, it is correct to not talk during a movie because people are there to watch the film, also it is correct to not have phones on as the light and sound will distract other patrons.<ref name="auto3">{{cite web |title=Social Norm Examples |url=https://examples.yourdictionary.com/social-norm-examples.html |website=examples.yourdictionary.com |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref>
*If you are going to be [[punctual]], notify friends or acquaintances if you will be late.<ref name="auto3"/>
*If you cannot show up to an outing, restaurant, theater, cinema, etc., it's proper to give the reason over your phone or address sometime prior.<ref name="auto3"/>
*It is a norm to speak one at a time.<ref name="auto3"/> 
*A [[religious vows|religious vow]] is a special promise. It made in a religious sense or in ceremonies such as in marriages when there is a couple who are being promised to marriage called "[[marriage vow]]s", they are also promising one another to be faithful and take care of their children.
*Helping somebody in need,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Social Psychology Perspectives On Helping Others |url=https://www.psychologynoteshq.com/helping-others/ |website=www.psychologynoteshq.com |date=14 February 2014 |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref> for social responsibility or to prevent harm. See the [[parable of the Good Samaritan]].
*Do not go to a non-fast food restaurant or bar unless you have enough to make a good [[Gratuity|tip]], depending on the place.<ref>{{cite web |title=US social customs {{!}} American cultural Norms |url=https://www.estavisaus.org/news/us-social-customs |website=www.estavisaus.org |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref>
*Examples of US social norms or customs turned into laws include the following: 
**[[List of alcohol laws of the United States|People under 21 cannot buy alcohol]].
**You must be 16 to drive.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muscato |first=Christopher |access-date=5 March 2025 |title=History of the Driving Age |url=https://study.com/academy/lesson/history-of-the-driving-age.html |website=Study.com}}</ref>
**Firearms are legal and relatively accessible to anyone who wants one.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schaeffer |first=Katherine |date=2024-07-24 |title=Key facts about Americans and guns |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/07/24/key-facts-about-americans-and-guns/ |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}</ref>
**In a city you cannot cross the street wherever you like, you must use a zebra crossing. You can be fined if the police catch you breaking this rule.{{Relevance inline|date=November 2021|discuss=This is usually required by law, not just by an "unwritten" custom}}
**It is a social norm to provide tips in the US to waitresses and waiters.
*There are numerous gender-specific norms that influence society:<ref name="auto3"/>{{Better source needed|date=November 2021}}
**Girls should wear pink; boys should wear blue.
**Men should be strong and not show any emotion.
**Women should be caring and nurturing. 
**Men should do repairs at the house and be the one to work and make money; while women are expected to take care of the housework and children.
**A man should pay for the woman's meal when going out to dinner.
**Men should open doors for women at bars, clubs, workplace, and should clear the way for the exit.<ref name="auto"/>