Editing Communication disorder (section)

=== DSM-5 ===

The [[DSM-5]] diagnoses for communication disorders completely rework the ones stated above.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Administration |first=Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services |date=June 2016 |title=Table 5, DSM-IV Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) to DSM-5 Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder (SCD) Comparison |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519712/table/ch3.t1/ |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref> The diagnoses are made more general in order to capture the various aspects of communications disorders in a way that emphasizes their childhood onset and differentiate these communications disorders from those associated with other disorders (e.g. [[autism spectrum disorders]]).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Fung|first1=Lawrence K.|last2=Hardan|first2=Antonio Y.|title=Autism in DSM-5 under the microscope: Implications to patients, families, clinicians, and researchers|journal=Asian Journal of Psychiatry|volume=11|pages=93–97|doi=10.1016/j.ajp.2014.08.010|pmid=25219947|year=2014}}</ref>
* [[Language disorder]] – the important characteristics of a language disorder are difficulties in learning and using language, which is caused by problems with vocabulary, with grammar, and with putting sentences together in a proper manner. Problems can both be receptive (understanding language) and expressive ([[Language production|producing language]]).<ref name=DSM-5>{{Cite book| last= American Psychiatric Association| year= 2013| title= Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders| edition= Fifth| publisher= American Psychiatric Publishing| location= Arlington, VA| pages= [https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/41 41–49]| isbn= 978-0-89042-555-8| oclc= 845233998| url= https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/41}}</ref>
* [[Speech sound disorder]] – previously called phonological disorder, for those with problems with pronunciation and articulation of their native language.<ref name=DSM-5/><ref>Lee ASY, Gibbon FE. Non-speech oral motor treatment for children with developmental speech sound disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD009383. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009383.pub2.</ref>
* Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder ([[Stuttering]]) – standard fluency and rhythm of speech is interrupted, often causing the repetition of whole words and syllables.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nolen-Hoeksema|first1=Susan|title=Abnormal Psychology|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781308211503|url-access=registration|date=2014|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|location=New York|isbn=978-0-07-803538-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781308211503/page/301 301]|edition=Sixth}}</ref> May also include the prolongation of words and syllables; pauses within a word; and/or the avoidance of pronouncing difficult words and replacing them with easier words that the individual is better able to pronounce.<ref name="ReferenceA">American Psychiatric Association. "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition". Page 46.</ref> This disorder causes many communication problems for the individual and may interfere with social communication and performance in work and/or school settings where communication is essential.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* [[Pragmatic language impairment|Social (pragmatic) communication disorder]] – this diagnosis described difficulties in the social uses of verbal and nonverbal communication in naturalistic contexts, which affects the development of social relationships and dialogue comprehension. The difference between this diagnosis and autism spectrum disorder is that in the latter there is also a restricted or repetitive pattern of behavior.<ref name=DSM-5/>
* [[Unspecified communication disorder]] – for those who have symptoms of a communication disorder but who do not meet all criteria, and whose symptoms cause distress or impairment.<ref name=DSM-5/>