Editing Commonwealth (section)

===England===
{{Main|Commonwealth of England}}
The [[Commonwealth of England]] was the official name of the political unit (''de facto'' military rule in the name of parliamentary supremacy) that replaced the [[Kingdom of England]] (after the [[English Civil War]]) from 1649 to 1653 and 1659 to 1660, under the rule of [[Oliver Cromwell]] and his son and successor [[Richard Cromwell|Richard]]. From 1653 to 1659, although still legally known as a Commonwealth, the republic, united with the former [[Kingdom of Scotland]], operated under different institutions (at times as a ''de facto'' monarchy) and is known by historians as the [[The Protectorate|Protectorate]]. In a British context, it is sometimes referred to as the "Old Commonwealth".{{citation needed|date=July 2015}}

In the later 20th century a socialist political party known as the [[Common Wealth Party]] was active.<ref name="bh">Ben Hughes, ''They shall not pass!: the British battalion at Jarama: the Spanish Civil War''. Botley, Oxford, UK: Osprey Pub., 2011. {{ISBN|9781849085496}} (p. 227).</ref> Previously a similarly named party, the [[Commonwealth Land Party (UK)|Commonwealth Land Party]], was in existence.<ref>Peter Barberis, John McHugh and Mike Tyldesley, Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations</ref>