Editing Comic book (section)

=== Underground comic books ===
{{Main|Underground comix}}

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, a surge of creativity emerged in what became known as [[underground comix]]. Published and distributed independently of the established comics industry, most of such comics reflected the youth [[counterculture]] and [[drug culture]] of the time. Underground comix "reflected and commented on the social divisions and tensions of American society".{{attribution needed|date=June 2019}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Introducing Comics and Ideology|journal=Comics and Ideology}}</ref> Many had an uninhibited, often irreverent style; their frank depictions of nudity, sex, profanity, and politics had no parallel outside their precursors, the pornographic and even more obscure "[[Tijuana bibles]]". Underground comics were almost never sold at newsstands, but rather in such youth-oriented outlets as [[head shop]]s and record stores, as well as by [[mail order]]. The underground comics encouraged creators to publish their work independently so that they would have full ownership rights to their characters.<ref name=":0" />

[[Frank Stack]]'s ''The Adventures of Jesus'', published under the name Foolbert Sturgeon,<ref name="Shelton">{{Cite book | last1=Stack | first1=Frank | author-link1=Frank Stack | last2=Shelton | first2=Gilbert | author-link2=Gilbert Shelton | title=The New Adventures of Jesus | date=25 December 2006 | publisher=[[Fantagraphics Books]] | page=[https://archive.org/details/newadventuresofj00fran/page/9 9] | chapter=Introduction | isbn=978-1-56097-780-3 | chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/newadventuresofj00fran/page/9 }}</ref><ref name="Skinn-34"/> has been credited as the first underground comix;<ref name="Shelton"/><ref name="Skinn-34">{{Cite book | last=Skinn | first=Dez | author-link=Dez Skinn | title=Comix: The Underground Revolution | date=20 May 2004 | publisher=[[Thunder's Mouth Press]] | page=34 | chapter=Heroes of the Revolution | isbn=978-1-56025-572-7}}</ref> while [[R. Crumb]] and the crew of cartoonists who worked on ''[[Zap Comix]]'' popularized the form.