Editing Columbia University (section)

===19th century===
[[File:Detroit_Photographic_Company_(0671).jpg|thumb|[[Low Memorial Library]], {{circa|1900}}]]
[[File:Almamater.jpg|thumb|''[[Alma Mater (New York sculpture)|Alma Mater]]'', by [[Daniel Chester French]] (1903)]]
In November 1813, the college agreed to incorporate its medical school with The College of Physicians and Surgeons, a new school created by the Regents of New York, forming [[Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons]].<ref name=":0" />{{rp|53–60}} In 1857, the college moved from the King's College campus at Park Place to a primarily [[Gothic Revival]] campus on 49th Street and [[Madison Avenue]], where it remained for the next forty years.

During the last half of the 19th century, under the presidency of [[Frederick A. P. Barnard]], for whom [[Barnard College]] is named, the institution rapidly assumed the shape of a modern university. Barnard College was created in 1889 as a response to the university's refusal to accept women.<ref>{{cite web|last=McCaughey|first=Robert|date=December 10, 2003|title=Leading American University Producers of PhDs, 1861–1900|url=http://beatl.barnard.columbia.edu/stand_columbia/phdleaders1861-1900.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909114704/http://beatl.barnard.columbia.edu/stand_columbia/phdleaders1861-1900.html|archive-date=September 9, 2006|access-date=August 10, 2006|work=Stand, Columbia – A History of Columbia University|publisher=Columbia University Press}}</ref>

In 1896, university president [[Seth Low]] moved the campus from 49th&nbsp;Street to its present location, a more spacious campus in the developing neighborhood of [[Morningside Heights]].<ref name="Matthews 19042" /><ref name="hewitt18962">{{Cite book|last=Hewitt|first=Abram S|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/264897|title=Selected writings, with Introduction by Nicholas Murray Butler|date=1965|publisher=Kennikat Press|editor-last=Nevins|editor-first=Allan|location=Port Washington, N.Y.|pages=315–337|language=en|chapter=Liberty, Learning, and Property : Dedication of the New Buildings of Columbia University, Morningside Heights, May 2, 1896|oclc=264897|quote=the time has come for a new and nobler civilization,"&nbsp;... when&nbsp;... "the wealth which has accumulated in this city by the joint association of its people, and to which every human being contributes by his industry, shall come to be regarded as a sacred trust to be administered in the public interest for works of beneficence to all.|author-link=Abram Hewitt|orig-year=First published 1937 by Columbia University Press|chapter-url=http://www.digifind-it.com/njhistoricalportal/data/ringwood//Selected%20Writings%20of%20Abram%20S.%20Hewitt.pdf#page=328 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025030640/http://www.digifind-it.com/njhistoricalportal/data/ringwood/Selected%20Writings%20of%20Abram%20S.%20Hewitt.pdf |archive-date=October 25, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Under the leadership of Low's successor, [[Nicholas Murray Butler]], who served for over four decades, Columbia rapidly became the nation's major institution for research, setting the multiversity model that later universities would adopt.<ref name="A Brief History of Columbia2" /> Prior to becoming the president of Columbia University, Butler founded [[Teachers College]], as a school to prepare home economists and manual art teachers for the children of the poor, with philanthropist [[Grace Hoadley Dodge]].<ref name="McCaughey20032" /> Teachers College is currently affiliated as the university's Graduate School of Education.<ref name="A Brief History of Columbia2"/>