Editing Coltan (section)

=== Resource curse ===
{{Main|Resource curse}}
Certain countries rich in natural resources have been said to suffer from the apparently paradoxical "resource curse" - showing ''worse'' economic development than countries with ''fewer'' resources.<ref name="Humphreys 2007">{{cite book|title=Escaping the Resource Curse|author=Humphreys|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2007|location=New York|page=1|display-authors=etal}}</ref>   Wealth of resources may also correspond to "... the likelihood of weak democratic development, corruption, and civil war".<ref name="Humphreys 2007" /> High levels of corruption lead to great political instability because whoever controls the assets (usually the political leaders and the government, in the case of the Democratic Republic of the Congo) can use them for their own benefit.  The resources generate wealth, which the leaders use to stay in power "... either through legal means, or coercive ones (e.g. funding militias)".<ref>{{cite book|author= Humphreys|title= Escaping the Resource Curse|year= 2007|publisher= Columbia University Press|location= New York|pages= 10–11|display-authors= etal}}</ref> The increased importance of coltan in electronics "occurred as warlords and armies in the eastern Congo converted [[artisanal mining]] operations&nbsp;... into slave labour regimes to earn hard currency to finance their militias," as one anthropological study put it in 2008.<ref name="mantz1">{{cite journal|last= Mantz|first= J. W|title= Improvisational economies: Coltan production in the eastern Congo|journal= Social Anthropology|doi=10.1111/j.1469-8676.2008.00035.x|volume=16|pages=34–50|year = 2008|issue= 1}}</ref> When much of eastern Congo [[Second Congo War|came under the control]] of [[Rwanda]]n forces in the 1990s, Rwanda suddenly became a major exporter of coltan, benefiting from the weakness of the Congolese government.<ref name=dvr>
{{cite book| author=David van Reybrouck
| title=Congo: The Epic History of a People
| publisher=[[HarperCollins]]
| year=2012
| page=456f
| isbn=978-0-06-220011-2
| title-link=Congo: The Epic History of a People
| author-link=David van Reybrouck
}}
</ref>{{request quotation|date=October 2015}} The soaring price "brought in as much as $20 million a month to rebel groups" and other factions trading coltan mined in northeastern Congo, according to a U.N. report.<ref name=a>{{cite report |title=The Role of Multinational Corporations in the Democratic Republic of the Counge |author=Billy Batware |date=December 5, 2011 |url=https://acuns.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/RoleofMultinationalCorporations.pdf |publisher=ACUNS |access-date=March 1, 2018 |archive-date=August 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821114442/https://acuns.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/RoleofMultinationalCorporations.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>