Editing Colorburst (section)

== Crystals ==
<!-- "Colorburst crystal" redirects here. -->
An NTSC or PAL television's color decoder contains a colorburst [[crystal oscillator]].

Because so many analog color TVs [[Digital television transition|were produced]] from the 1960s to the early 2000s, [[economies of scale]] drove down the cost of colorburst crystals, so they were often used in various other applications, such as [[Electronic oscillator|oscillators]] for [[microprocessor]]s or for [[amateur radio]]: 3.5795&nbsp;MHz has since become a common [[QRP operation|QRP]] calling frequency in the [[80-meter band]], and its [[frequency multiplier|doubled]] frequency of 7.159&nbsp;MHz is a common calling frequency in the [[40-meter band]]. Tripling this frequency is also how [[FM broadcasting|FM radio]] circuits came to use a nominally 10.7 MHz [[intermediate frequency]] in [[Superheterodyne transmitter|superheterodyne]] conversion.

{{Table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable col3center"
|+ Non-television uses of NTSC color burst frequency<br/>
(generally only in the NTSC version of each device):<br/>
''f''&nbsp;= 315&nbsp;MHz/88&nbsp;= 3.579{{Overline|54}}{{Efn|name=repeating decimal}}&nbsp;MHz
! Component || Frequency || Ratio
|-
| [[Intellivision]] CPU ||rowspan=2| 0.8949&nbsp;MHz ||rowspan=2| {{Sfrac|4}}''f''
|-
| [[TRS-80 Color Computer]] CPU (normal speed)
|-
| [[Apple II]] CPU (short cycles only, one in 65 cycles is longer)||rowspan=4| 1.0227&nbsp;MHz ||rowspan=4| {{Sfrac|2|7}}''f''
|-
| [[VIC-20]] CPU
|-
| [[Commodore 64]] CPU
|-
| [[Commodore 128]] CPU (SLOW & [[Commodore 64|C64]] compatible modes)
|-
| [[Atari 2600]] CPU<ref name="atari2600">
 Atari 2600 Specifications http://problemkaputt.de/2k6specs.htm</ref> ||rowspan=2| 1.1932&nbsp;MHz ||rowspan=2| {{Sfrac|3}}''f''
|-
| [[Intel 8253]] interval timer in IBM PC (remains in use {{As of|2008|alt=today}})
|-
| [[Fairchild Channel F|Fairchild Video Entertainment System]] CPU ||rowspan=6| 1.7898&nbsp;MHz ||rowspan=6| {{Sfrac|2}}''f''
|-
| [[Magnavox Odyssey 2|Odyssey 2]] CPU
|-
| [[Atari 8-bit computers]]<ref name="altirraHRM">{{cite book |title=Altirra Hardware Reference Manual |chapter=3.3 Cycle Timings |page=43 |first=Avery |last=Lee |date=2024-09-21 |access-date=2024-11-27 |url=http://www.virtualdub.org/downloads/Altirra%20Hardware%20Reference%20Manual.pdf#page=43}}</ref> and [[Atari 7800]] CPU
|-
| [[Commodore Plus/4]] CPU
|-
| [[Nintendo Entertainment System]] CPU
|-
| TRS-80 Color Computer 3 CPU (fast mode)
|-
| [[Commodore 128]] CPU (FAST & CP/M modes) || 2.0454&nbsp;MHz || {{Sfrac|4|7}}''f''
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] CPU || 2.6847&nbsp;MHz || {{Sfrac|3|4}}''f''
|-
<!--For some reason, adding "rowspan=7" to the following doesn't work.-->
| 3.5795&nbsp;MHz ||style=text-align:center| ''f''
|-
| [[Master System]] CPU ||rowspan=6| 3.5795&nbsp;MHz ||rowspan=6| ''f''
|-
| [[MSX]] CPU
|-
| [[Amateur radio]] Tx/Rx crystal for 80m band
|-
| [[ColecoVision]] CPU
|-
| [[Yamaha_OPL|Yamaha OPL and OPL2]] FM synthesis sound chips
|-
| [[Advanced Configuration and Power Interface|ACPI]] power management timer
|-
| CPU of [[IBM Personal Computer]] 5150 || 4.7727&nbsp;MHz || {{Sfrac|4|3}}''f''
|-
| Commodore [[Amiga]] CPU || rowspan="5" | 7.1591&nbsp;MHz || rowspan="5" | 2''f''
|-
| CPU of [[Tandy 1000#Tandy 1000 TX and Tandy 1000 SX|Tandy 1000 SX]]<ref>In normal (high speed) mode. The 1000 SX also has a slower 4.77 MHz mode ({{Frac|4|3}}''f''&nbsp;) for IBM PCjr compatibility.</ref> (and many other IBM PC-XT clones)
|-
| NEC [[TurboGrafx-16]] CPU
|-
| [[Yamaha TX81Z]] synthesizer CPU
|-
| [[Amateur radio]] Tx/Rx crystal for 40m band
|-
| [[Sega Genesis]] CPU || 7.6705&nbsp;MHz || {{Sfrac|15|7}}''f''  <!-- The Genesis has a 53.693 MHz (15 times f) crystal oscillator, as can be seen here: https://d3nevzfk7ii3be.cloudfront.net/igi/U5BMTgUf53DjnSxe -->
|-
|Intermediate frequency of FM radio superheterodyne circuits
|10.7386 MHz
|3''f''
|-
| [[High Precision Event Timer]] (typical) || 14.3181&nbsp;MHz || 4''f''
|}

{{Table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable col3center"
|+ Non-television uses of PAL colour burst frequency<br/>
(generally only in the PAL version of each device):<br/>
''f''&nbsp;= 283.75 × 15625&nbsp;Hz + 25&nbsp;Hz = {{val|4.43361875|u=MHz}}
! Component || Frequency || Ratio
|-
| [[Commodore 64]] CPU ||rowspan=2| 0.9852&nbsp;MHz ||rowspan=2| {{Sfrac|2|9}}''f''
|-
| [[Commodore 128]] CPU (SLOW & [[Commodore 64|C64]] compatible modes)
|-
| [[Atari 2600]] CPU || 1.182298&nbsp;MHz<ref name="atari2600"/> || {{Sfrac|4|15}}''f''
|-
| [[VIC-20]] CPU || 1.1084&nbsp;MHz || {{Sfrac|1|4}}''f''
|-
| [[Nintendo Entertainment System]] CPU<ref name="nesdev">[http://wiki.nesdev.com/w/index.php/Clock_rate NES DEV wiki: Clock Rate]</ref> || 1.662607&nbsp;MHz || {{Sfrac|3|8}}''f''
|-
| [[Atari 8-bit computers]] CPU<ref name="altirraHRM"/> ||rowspan=2| 1.7734475&nbsp;MHz ||rowspan=2| {{Sfrac|2|5}}''f''
|-
| [[Dendy (console)]] NES clone CPU<ref name=nesdev/>
|-
| [[Commodore 128]] CPU (FAST & CP/M modes) || 1.9704&nbsp;MHz || {{Sfrac|4|9}}''f''
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] CPU ||  2.6601712&nbsp;MHz || {{Sfrac|3|5}}''f''
|-
| 3.546895&nbsp;MHz ||style=text-align:center| {{Sfrac|4|5}}''f''
|-
| Commodore [[Amiga]] CPU || 7.09379&nbsp;MHz || {{Sfrac|8|5}}''f''
|}