Editing Cognitive behavioral therapy (section)

===Behavioral therapy===
[[File:John Broadus Watson.JPG|thumb|[[John B. Watson]]]]
Groundbreaking work in [[behaviorism]] began with [[John B. Watson]] and [[Rosalie Rayner]]'s studies of conditioning in 1920.<ref name="Trull">{{cite book |title=Clinical psychology |vauthors=Trull TJ |date=2007 |publisher=[[Thomson/Wadsworth]] |edition=7th |location=Belmont, CA}}</ref> Behaviorally-centered therapeutic approaches appeared as early as 1924<ref name="Rachman_1997">{{Cite book |title=Science and practice of cognitive behaviour therapy |vauthors=Rachman S |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-19-262726-1 |veditors=Clark D, Fairburn CG, Gelder MG |location=Oxford |pages=1–26 |chapter=The evolution of cognitive behaviour therapy}}</ref> with [[Mary Cover Jones]]' work dedicated to the unlearning of fears in children.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Jones MC |year=1924 |title=The Elimination of Children's Fears |journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=382–390 |doi=10.1037/h0072283}}</ref> These were the antecedents of the development of [[Joseph Wolpe]]'s behavioral therapy in the 1950s.<ref name="Trull" /> It was the work of Wolpe and Watson, which was based on [[Ivan Pavlov]]'s work on learning and conditioning, that influenced [[Hans Eysenck]] and [[Arnold Lazarus]] to develop new behavioral therapy techniques based on [[classical conditioning]].<ref name="Trull" /><ref name="Corsini">{{cite book |title=Current psychotherapies |date=2008 |publisher=Thomson Brooks/Cole |veditors=Corsini RJ, Wedding D |edition=8th |location=Belmont, CA}}</ref>

During the 1950s and 1960s, behavioral therapy became widely used by researchers in the United States, the United Kingdom, and South Africa. Their inspiration was by the [[Behaviorism|behaviorist]] learning theory of [[Ivan Pavlov]], [[John B. Watson]], and [[Clark L. Hull]].<ref name="Rachman_1997" />

In Britain, [[Joseph Wolpe]], who applied the findings of animal experiments to his method of [[systematic desensitization]],<ref name="Trull" /> applied behavioral research to the treatment of neurotic disorders. Wolpe's therapeutic efforts were precursors to today's fear reduction techniques.<ref name="Rachman_1997" /> British psychologist [[Hans Eysenck]] presented behavior therapy as a constructive alternative.<ref name="Rachman_1997" /><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Eysenck HJ |date=October 1952 |title=The effects of psychotherapy: an evaluation |journal=Journal of Consulting Psychology |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=319–324 |doi=10.1037/h0063633 |pmid=13000035}}</ref>

At the same time as Eysenck's work, [[B. F. Skinner]] and his associates were beginning to have an impact with their work on [[operant conditioning]].<ref name="Trull" /><ref name="Corsini" /> Skinner's work was referred to as [[radical behaviorism]] and avoided anything related to cognition.<ref name="Trull" /> However, [[Julian Rotter]] in 1954 and [[Albert Bandura]] in 1969 contributed to behavior therapy with their works on [[social learning theory]] by demonstrating the effects of cognition on learning and behavior modification.<ref name="Trull" /><ref name="Corsini" /> The work of [[Claire Weekes]] in dealing with anxiety disorders in the 1960s is also seen as a prototype of behavior therapy.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 March 2020 |title=Desperately Seeking Hope and Help for Your Nerves? Try Reading 'Hope and Help for Your Nerves' |work=[[The New York Times]] |agency=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/26/books/hope-help-for-your-nerves-claire-weekes-virus.html |access-date=21 January 2021 |vauthors=Kelly H}}</ref>

The emphasis on behavioral factors has been described as the "first wave" of CBT.<ref name="Wilson">{{cite book |title=Current psychotherapies |vauthors=Wilson GT |date=2008 |publisher=Thomson Brooks/Cole |veditors=Corsini RJ, Wedding D |edition=8th |location=Belmont, CA |pages=63–106 |chapter=Behavior therapy}}</ref>