Editing Codex (section)

==From scrolls to codices==
[[File:Codex Aureus Sankt Emmeram.jpg|thumb|upright|The cover of the [[Carolingian]] gospel book, the [[Codex Aureus of St. Emmeram]], produced ca. AD 870 at the [[Palace of Aachen]], during the reign of [[Charles the Bald]].<br>[[Bayerische Staatsbibliothek]], Munich.]]

Among the experiments of earlier centuries, scrolls were sometimes unrolled horizontally, as a succession of columns. The [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] are a famous example of this format, and it is the standard format for Jewish [[Torah scroll]]s made to this day for ritual use. This made it possible to fold the scroll as an accordion. The next evolutionary step was to cut the [[Folio (printing)|folios]] and sew and glue them at their centers, making it easier to use the papyrus or vellum [[Recto and verso|recto-verso]] as with a modern book.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}

Traditional bookbinders would call one of these assembled, trimmed and bound folios (that is, the "pages" of the book as a whole, comprising the front matter and contents) a ''codex'' in contradistinction to the cover or ''case,'' producing the format of book now colloquially known as a ''hardcover''.  In the hardcover bookbinding process, the procedure of binding the codex is very different to that of producing and attaching the case.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}