Editing Clove (section)

== Uses ==
{{Cookbook|Clove}}[[Image:ClovesDried.jpg|left|thumb|Dried cloves]]
[[File:The flowers of clove tree in Pemba island.JPG|thumb|Clove tree flowerbuds]]{{Cookbook}}
Cloves are used in the cuisine of [[Asian cuisine|Asian]], [[African cuisine|African]], [[Mediterranean cuisine|Mediterranean]], and the [[Levantine cuisine|Near]] and [[Middle Eastern cuisine|Middle East]] countries, lending flavor to meats (such as [[ham|baked ham]]), [[curry|curries]], and [[marinade]]s, as well as fruit (such as apples, pears, and [[rhubarb]]). Cloves may be used to give aromatic and flavor qualities to hot beverages, often combined with other ingredients such as lemon and sugar. They are a common element in spice blends (as part of the [[Malay cuisine|Malay]] ''rempah empat beradik'' –"four sibling spices"– besides cinnamon, cardamom and star anise for example<ref>{{cite news |department=Star2 |newspaper=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=Aug 2, 2015 |page=9 |title=A spicy blend of tradition |author=Hariati Azizan }}</ref>), including [[pumpkin pie spice]] and [[speculaas]] spices. 

In [[Mexican cuisine]], cloves are best known as ''clavos de olor'', and often accompany [[cumin]] and [[cinnamon]].<ref>Dorenburg, Andrew and Page, Karen. ''The New American Chef: Cooking with the Best Flavors and Techniques from Around the World'', John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2003</ref> They are also used in Peruvian cuisine, in a wide variety of dishes such as ''[[carapulcra]]'' and ''[[Rice pudding#Latin America and the Caribbean|arroz con leche]]''. 

A major component of clove's taste is imparted by the chemical [[eugenol]],<ref name="eugenol">{{cite journal |journal=Molecules |year=2012 |volume=17 |issue=6|pages=6953–81| doi=10.3390/molecules17066953|pmid=22728369|pmc=6268661|title=Eugenol--from the remote Maluku Islands to the international market place: a review of a remarkable and versatile molecule|author=Kamatou, G. P. |author2=Vermaak, I. |author3=Viljoen, A. M.|doi-access=free }}</ref> and the quantity of the spice required is typically small. It pairs well with cinnamon, [[allspice]], [[vanilla]], [[red wine]], [[basil]], [[onion]], [[citrus peel]], [[star anise]], and [[peppercorn]]s.

=== Non-culinary uses ===
It is often added to [[Betel nut chewing|betel quids]] to enhance aroma while chewing.<ref>{{Cite book|page=26|title=Betel Chewing Traditions in South-East Asia|first=Dawn F.|last=Rooney|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1993|location=Kuala Lumpur|isbn=0-19-588620-8}}</ref> The spice is used in a type of cigarette called ''[[kretek]]'' in Indonesia.<ref name="GRIN"/> Clove cigarettes were smoked throughout Europe, Asia, and the United States. Clove cigarettes are currently classified in the United States as [[cigar]]s,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fda.gov/TobaccoProducts/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/FlavoredTobacco/default.htm |title=Flavored Tobacco |publisher=FDA |access-date=September 7, 2012}}</ref> the result of a [[ban (law)|ban]] on flavored cigarettes in September 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Tobacco Control Act's Ban of Clove Cigarettes and the WTO: A Detailed Analysis |url=https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/R42733.html|date=17 September 2012 |access-date=2022-05-12 |publisher= Congressional Research Service Reports|language=en}}</ref>

Clove [[essential oil]] may be used to inhibit [[mold]] growth on various types of foods.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ju |first1=Jian |last2=Xu |first2=Xiaomiao |last3=Xie |first3=Yunfei |last4=Guo |first4=Yahui |last5=Cheng |first5=Yuliang |last6=Qian |first6=He |last7=Yao |first7=Weirong |date=2018 |title=Inhibitory effects of cinnamon and clove essential oils on mold growth on baked foods |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308814617312736 |journal=Food Chemistry |language=en |volume=240 |pages=850–855 |doi=10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.120|pmid=28946351 }}</ref> In addition to these non-culinary uses of clove, it can be used to protect wood in a system for [[cultural heritage]] conservation, and showed the efficacy of clove essential oil to be higher than a [[boron]]-based wood preservative.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pop |first1=Dana-Mihaela |last2=Timar |first2=Maria Cristina |last3=Varodi |first3=Anca Maria |last4=Beldean |first4=Emanuela Carmen |date=December 2021 |title=An evaluation of clove (''Eugenia caryophyllata'') essential oil as a potential alternative antifungal wood protection system for cultural heritage conservation |journal=Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología |language=en |volume=24 |doi=10.4067/S0718-221X2022000100411 |s2cid=245952586 |issn=0718-221X|doi-access=free }}</ref> Cloves can be used to make a fragrant [[pomander]] when combined with an orange. When given as a gift in Victorian England, such a pomander indicated warmth of feeling.

[[File:Seasonal clove buds drying on Pemba1.jpg|thumb|Cloves drying in sun]]

=== Adverse effects and potential uses===
The use of clove for any medicinal purpose has not been approved by the US [[Food and Drug Administration]], and its use may cause [[adverse event|adverse effects]] if taken orally by people with [[liver disease]], [[blood clotting]] and [[immune system]] disorders, or [[food allergy|food allergies]].<ref name=drugs/>

Cloves are used in [[traditional medicine]] as an [[Oil of cloves|essential oil]], which is intended to be an [[anodyne]] ([[analgesic]]) mainly for dental emergencies.<ref>Balch, Phyllis and Balch, James. ''Prescription for Nutritional Healing'', 3rd ed., Avery Publishing, 2000, p. 94</ref> There is evidence that clove oil containing [[eugenol]] is effective for [[toothache]] pain and other types of pain.<ref name="drugs">{{cite web |title=Clove |url=https://www.drugs.com/mtm/clove.html |publisher=Drugs.com |access-date=25 December 2024 |date=22 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="nih">{{cite web |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/251.html|title=Clove|publisher=MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health |date=28 March 2024 |access-date=25 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Eugenol - COLCORONA Clinical Trial |url=https://www.colcorona.net/de/haarausfall-nach-corona |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=www.colcorona.net}}</ref> Clove essential oil may prevent the growth of ''[[Enterococcus faecalis]]'' bacteria which may be present in an unsuccessful [[root canal]] treatment.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2022 |title=Effectiveness of Mixed Clove Flower Extract (Syzygium Aromaticum) And Sweet Wood (Cinnamon Burmanni) on the Growth of Enterococcus Faecalis |url=https://medicopublication.com/index.php/ijfmt/article/view/17639 |journal=Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology |volume=16 |issue=1 |doi=10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17639|s2cid=245045753 |doi-access=free |last1=Sarahfin Aslan |last2=Masriadi |last3=Nur Rahmah Hasanuddin |last4=Andi Tenri Biba Mallombasang |last5=Nur Azizah a.r |pages=1089–1094 }}</ref> 

One review reported the efficacy of eugenol combined with [[zinc oxide]] as an [[analgesia|analgesic]] for [[alveolar osteitis]].<ref>{{cite journal |pmc=4598935 |year=2015 |last1=Taberner-Vallverdú |first1=M. |title=Efficacy of different methods used for dry socket management: A systematic review |journal=Medicina Oral Patología Oral y Cirugia Bucal |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=e633–e639 |last2=Nazir |first2=M. |last3=Sanchez-Garces |first3=M. Á. |last4=Gay-Escoda |first4=C. |doi=10.4317/medoral.20589 |pmid=26116842}}</ref> Studies to determine its effectiveness for fever reduction, as a [[mosquito]] repellent, and to prevent [[premature ejaculation]] have been inconclusive.<ref name=drugs/><ref name=nih/> It remains unproven whether [[blood sugar]] levels are reduced by cloves or clove oil.<ref name=nih/> The essential oil may be used in [[aromatherapy]].<ref name="drugs" />