Editing Classics (section)

===Middle Ages===
[[File:Catullus, Itally.jpg|right|thumb|alt=Photograph of a bronze bust of a man. It rests on a stone plinth, on which the words "Gaius Valerius Catullus 87 AC–54 AC" are written.|The Roman poet [[Catullus]] was virtually unknown during the medieval period, in contrast to his modern popularity.]]
In the [[Middle Ages]], classics and education were tightly intertwined; according to [[Jan M. Ziolkowski|Jan Ziolkowski]], there is no era in history in which the link was tighter.<ref>{{harvnb|Ziolkowski|2007|p=19}}</ref> Medieval education taught students to imitate earlier classical models,<ref name="Ziolkowski07-21">{{harvnb|Ziolkowski|2007|p=21}}</ref> and [[Latin]] continued to be the language of scholarship and culture, despite the increasing difference between [[Classical Latin|literary Latin]] and the [[vernacular]] languages of [[Europe]] during the period.<ref name="Ziolkowski07-21"/>

While Latin was hugely influential, according to thirteenth-century English philosopher [[Roger Bacon]], "there are not four men in [[Latin Christendom]] who are acquainted with the [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], and [[Arabic]] grammars."<ref>{{harvnb|Sandys|1921|p=591}}</ref> Greek was rarely studied in the [[Western world|West]], and [[Greek literature]] was known almost solely in Latin translation.<ref name="Ziolkowski07-22">{{harvnb|Ziolkowski|2007|p=22}}</ref> The works of even major Greek authors such as [[Hesiod]], whose names continued to be known by educated Europeans, along with most of [[Plato]], were unavailable in [[Christian Europe]].<ref name="Ziolkowski07-22"/> Some were rediscovered through Arabic translations; a [[Toledo School of Translators|School of Translators]] was set up in the border city of [[Toledo, Spain]], to translate from Arabic into Latin.

Along with the unavailability of Greek authors, there were other differences between the [[Western canon|classical canon]] known today and the works valued in the Middle Ages. [[Catullus]], for instance, was almost entirely unknown in the medieval period.<ref name="Ziolkowski07-22"/> The popularity of different authors also waxed and waned throughout the period: [[Lucretius]], popular during the [[Carolingian Renaissance]], was barely read in the twelfth century, while for [[Quintilian]] the reverse is true.<ref name="Ziolkowski07-22"/>