Editing Chiswick House (section)

===Boyle family (1682–1758)===
[[File:Chiswick House.JPG|thumb|upright=1.3|Plan of Chiswick House]]

The Jacobean house was used by the Boyle family as a summer retreat from their central London home, [[Burlington House]].<ref name="(LondonEngland)1986"/><ref name="BryantHeritage1993">{{cite book |last1=Bryant |first1=Julius|author2=English Heritage |title=London's country house collections |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IJkzAQAAIAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Scala Publications in association with English Heritage |page=32|isbn=9781857590135}}</ref> After a fire in 1725, [[Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington]] (Lord Burlington), then head of the family,<ref name="(LondonEngland)1986">{{cite book |author1=Furniture History Society |author-link=Furniture History Society |title=Furniture history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xhuxAAAAIAAJ|year=1986|page=84}}</ref> decided to build a new "villa" to the west of the old Chiswick House.

During his trip to Italy in 1719, Burlington had acquired a passion for Palladian architecture.<ref name="Rogers2004">{{cite book |last=Rogers |first=Pat |title=The Alexander Pope encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=udRlsDhfhoUC&pg=PA61 |year=2004 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-32426-0 |page=61}}</ref><ref name="Baird2007">{{cite book |last=Baird |first=Rosemary |title=Goodwood: Art and Architecture, Sport and Family |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3TkOIfaghEgC&pg=PA19 |date=15 August 2007 |publisher=Frances Lincoln Ltd |isbn=978-0-7112-2769-9 |page=19}}</ref> He had not closely inspected [[Roman architecture|Roman ruins]] or made detailed drawings on the sites in Italy; he relied on [[Palladio]] and [[Vincenzo Scamozzi|Scamozzi]] as his interpreters of the classic tradition.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Beltramini |first1=Guido |last2=Vicenza |first2=Centro internazionale di studi di architettura "Andrea Palladio" di |title=Palladio and Northern Europe: books, travellers, architects |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dSdQAAAAMAAJ | date=15 October 1999 |publisher=Skira |isbn=978-88-8118-524-5}}</ref> Another source of his inspiration were drawings he collected, including those of Palladio himself, which had belonged to [[Inigo Jones]] and his pupil [[John Webb (architect)|John Webb]]. According to [[Howard Colvin]], "Burlington's mission was to reinstate in Augustan England the canons of Roman architecture as described by [[Vitruvius]], exemplified by its surviving remains, and practised by Palladio, [[Vincenzo Scamozzi|Scamozzi]] and Jones."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Beltramini |first1=Guido |last2=Burns |first2=Howard |title=Palladio |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q4rrAAAAMAAJ|year=2008|publisher=Royal Academy of Arts |isbn=978-1-905711-24-6}}</ref>

Burlington, himself a talented amateur architect and (in the words of [[Horace Walpole]]) "Apollo of the Arts",<ref name="GalleryWilton-Ely1973">{{cite book |last=Wilton-Ely |first=John |title=Apollo of the arts: Lord Burlington and his circle |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xHDsAAAAMAAJ |year=1973 |publisher=Nottingham University Art Gallery |page=31}}</ref> designed the villa with the aid of [[William Kent]], who also took a leading role in designing the gardens.{{sfn|Groves|Mawrey|2010|p=68}} Burlington built the villa with enough space to house his art collection, regarded as containing "some of the best pictures in Europe",<ref>{{cite book |author=Bryan, Julius |title=London's Country House Collections. Kenwood, Chiswick, Marble Hill, Ranger's House |publisher=Scala Publications for English Heritage |location=London |year=1993 |page=36}}</ref> and his more select pieces of furniture, some of which was purchased on his first [[Grand Tour]] of Europe in 1714. Construction of the villa took place between 1726 and 1729.<ref>{{cite web |last=Randhawa |first=Kiran |url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23428558-chiswick-house-set-for-12m-facelift.do |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505072546/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23428558-chiswick-house-set-for-12m-facelift.do |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 May 2013 |title=Chiswick House set for £12m facelift |work=Evening Standard |location=London |date=19 December 2007}}</ref>

After Burlington's death in 1753,<ref name="Ormrod2000">{{cite book |last=Ormrod |first=W. M. |title=The lord lieutenants and high sheriffs of Yorkshire, 1066–2000 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OkSAAAAAIAAJ |date=July 2000 |publisher=Wharncliffe Books |page=29|isbn=9781871647747 }}</ref> his wife, [[Dorothy Savile, Countess of Burlington and Countess of Cork|Lady Dorothy Savile]], and daughter, [[Charlotte Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington|Charlotte]], who had married [[William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire]] in 1748,<ref name="Thomson1981">{{cite book |last=Thomson |first=George Malcolm |title=The prime ministers, from Robert Walpole to Margaret Thatcher |url=https://archive.org/details/primeministersfr0000thom |url-access=registration |date=April 1981 |publisher=Morrow |isbn=978-0-688-00432-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/primeministersfr0000thom/page/24 24]}}</ref> inherited the house.  Charlotte died in December 1754,<ref name="Society1903">{{cite book |title=Journal of the Derbyshire Archaeological and Natural History Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W2IvAAAAMAAJ|year=1903|publisher=Derbyshire Archaeological Society |page=130}}</ref> and Lady Burlington died in September 1758.<ref name="Corp1998">{{cite book |last=Corp |first=Edward T.|title=Lord Burlington: the man and his politics : questions of loyalty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uGswAQAAIAAJ|year=1998 |publisher=Edwin Mellen Press |isbn=978-0-7734-8367-5}}</ref> Several views of Burlington's house were made by the architect-draughtsman [[John Donowell]] around this time.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Symes |first=Michael |title=John Donowell's Views of Chiswick and other Gardens |journal=Journal of Garden History |issue=7 |date=1987 |volume=7 |pages=43–57|doi=10.1080/01445170.1987.10412457 }} See the article on [[John Donowell]] for a selection of the views.</ref>