Editing Chinese Indonesians (section)

=== Early interactions ===
[[File:Jan Huyghen van Linschoten Ship of China and Java.jpg|thumb|200px|16th century depiction of a Chinese-Javanese vessel]]
The first recorded movement of people from China into [[Maritime Southeast Asia]] was the arrival of [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] forces under [[Kublai Khan]] that culminated in the [[Mongol invasion of Java|invasion of Java]] in 1293. Their intervention hastened the decline of the classical kingdoms such as [[Singhasari]] and precipitated the rise of the [[Majapahit]] empire.{{sfn|Reid|2001|p=17}}

[[Hui people|Chinese Muslim]] traders from the eastern coast of China arrived at the coastal towns of Indonesia and [[Malaysia]] in the early 15th century. They were led by the mariner [[Zheng He]], who commanded [[Treasure voyages|several expeditions to Southeast Asia]] between 1405 and 1430. In the book ''[[Yingya Shenglan]],'' his translator [[Ma Huan]] documented the activities of the Chinese Muslims in the archipelago and the legacy left by Zheng He and his men.{{sfn|Ma|2005|p=115}} These traders settled along the northern coast of [[Java]], but there is no documentation of their settlements beyond the 16th century. The Chinese Muslims were likely to have been absorbed into the majority Muslim population.{{sfn|Tan|2005|p=796}} Between 1450 and 1520, the [[Ming dynasty]]'s interest in southeastern Asia reached a low point and trade, both legal and illegal, rarely reached the archipelago.{{sfn|Reid|1999|p=52}} The [[The Portuguese in Indonesia (1512–1850)|Portuguese]] made no mention of any resident Chinese minority population when they arrived in Indonesia in the early 16th century.{{sfn|Reid|2001|p=33}} Trade from the north was re-established when China legalized private trade in 1567 through licensing 50 [[Junk (ship)|junks]] a year. Several years later silver began flowing into the region, from Japan, Mexico, and Europe, and trade flourished once again. Distinct Chinese colonies emerged in hundreds of ports throughout southeastern Asia, including the pepper port of [[Banten]].{{sfn|Reid|1999|p=52}}

[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Chinese zeilschepen Yonken Sin Tong Heng (links) en Tek Hwa Seng bij Poeloe Samboe TMnr 10010680.jpg|thumb|alt=Black and white view of the ocean with an island visible on the horizon to the right. A sailing ship on the left (three sails visible) shows the full length of its hull while another on the right (two sails visible) shows its forward bow.|Chinese junks ''Sin Tong Heng'' and ''Tek Hwa Seng'' in the [[Sambu Island]], [[Singapore Strait]], {{circa}} 1936]]
Some Chinese traders avoided [[Portuguese Malacca]] after it fell to the Portuguese in the [[Capture of Malacca (1511)|1511 Capture of Malacca]].{{sfn|Guillot|Lombard|Ptak|1998|p=179}} Many Chinese, however, cooperated with the Portuguese for the sake of trade.{{sfn|Borschberg|2004|p=12}} Some Chinese in [[Java]] assisted in Muslim attempts to reconquer the city using ships. The Javanese–Chinese participation in retaking Malacca was recorded in "The Malay Annals of Semarang and Cerbon".{{sfn|Guillot|Lombard|Ptak|1998|p=179}}

Han Chinese in Indonesia forbid [[Parallel and cross cousins|parallel cousin]] marriage which Han culture bans.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hidayah |first=Zulyani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XXDgDwAAQBAJ&dq=madurese+sister+married+chinese&pg=PA86 |title=A Guide to Tribes in Indonesia: Anthropological Insights from the Archipelago |date=2020 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-9811518355 |location= |page=86 |quote=According to general Chinese tradition, a forbidden marriage is one between two people who share the same clan. Aside from that, a woman cannot marry before her elder sister is married. On the contrary, a younger sister may marry before .. |author-link=}}</ref> Hui Muslims marry parallel cousins.