Editing Chiang Ching-kuo (section)

===Moscow===
With or without his father's enthusiastic approval, Chiang Ching-kuo went on to Moscow in late 1925. He stayed in the Soviet Union for nearly twelve years. While there, Chiang was given the Russian name '''Nikolai Vladimirovich Elizarov''' (Николай Владимирович Елизаров) and put under the tutelage of [[Karl Radek]] at the [[Communist University of the Toilers of the East]]. Noted for having an exceptional grasp of international politics, his classmates included other children of influential Chinese families, most notably the future Chinese Communist party leader, [[Deng Xiaoping]]. Chiang Ching-kuo joined the [[Communist Youth League]] under Deng.<ref>{{cite web|date=7 May 2016|title=蔣經國和鄧小平同班感情好為何最終卻分道揚鑣？|url=https://www.chinatimes.com/hottopic/20160507003737-260812|url-status=live|access-date=9 January 2020|website=[[China Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101065328/https://www.chinatimes.com/hottopic/20160507003737-260812 |archive-date=1 January 2020 }}</ref><ref>俄國檔案中的留蘇學生蔣經國. Jiang Jingguo's Student Years in the Soviet Union as Reflected in the Russian Archives. 余敏玲(Miin-Ling Yu). 近代史研究所集刊； 29期 1998 p.121</ref> Soon Ching-kuo was an enthusiastic student of Communist ideology, particularly [[Trotskyism]]; though following the [[Great Purge]], [[Joseph Stalin]] privately met with him and ordered him to publicly denounce Trotskyism. Chiang even applied to be a member of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|All-Union Communist Party]], although his request was denied.

In April 1927, however, Chiang Kai-shek purged KMT leftists, had Communists arrested or killed, and expelled his Soviet advisers. Chiang Ching-kuo responded from Moscow with an editorial that harshly criticized his father's actions but was nonetheless detained as a "guest" of the Soviet Union, a practical hostage. The  historiographic debate still continues as to whether he was forced to write the editorial, but he had seen Trotskyist friends arrested and killed by the [[Soviet secret police]]. The Soviet government sent him to work in the [[Uralmash|Ural Heavy Machinery Plant]], a steel factory in [[the Urals]], [[Yekaterinburg]] (then Sverdlovsk), where he met Faina Ipat'evna Vakhreva, a native [[Belarusians|Belarusian]]. They married on 15 March 1935, and she would later take the Chinese name [[Chiang Fang-liang]]. In December of that year, their son, [[Chiang Hsiao-wen|Hsiao-wen]] was born.

Chiang Kai-shek refused to negotiate a prisoner swap for his son in exchange for a Chinese Communist Party leader.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/lastempressmadam00paku_0|url-access=registration|quote=It is not worth it to sacrifice the interest of the country for the sake of my son.|title=The last empress: Madame Chiang Kai-shek and the birth of modern China|first=Hannah |last=Pakula |year=2009 |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/lastempressmadam00paku_0/page/247 247] |isbn=978-1-4391-4893-8 |access-date=28 June 2010}}</ref> He wrote in his diary, "It is not worth it to sacrifice the interest of the country for the sake of my son."<ref name="Jay Taylor 2000 59">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5R2fnVZXiwC&dq=It+is+not+worth+it+to+sacrifice+the+interest+of+the+country+for+the+sake+of+my+son&pg=PA59|title=The Generalissimo's Son: Chiang Ching-kuo and the Revolutions in China and Taiwan|first=Jay|last=Taylor|date=1 June 2009|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674044227 |accessdate=25 June 2023|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="Jonathan Fenby 2005 205">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YkREps9oGR4C&dq=It+is+not+worth+it+to+sacrifice+the+interests+of+the+country+for+the+sake+of+my+son&pg=PA205 |title=Fenby 2005: 205. |isbn=9780786714841 |access-date=14 March 2023 |archive-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412110756/https://books.google.com/books?id=YkREps9oGR4C&dq=It+is+not+worth+it+to+sacrifice+the+interests+of+the+country+for+the+sake+of+my+son&pg=PA205 |url-status=live |last1=Fenby |first1=Jonathan |year=2005 |publisher=Carroll & Graf }}</ref> In 1937, he maintained that "I would rather have no offspring than sacrifice our nation's interests", since he had no intention of stopping the war against the Communists.<ref name="Jay Taylor 2000 74">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5R2fnVZXiwC&q=chiang+son+i+would+rather+have+no+offspring+than+sacrifice+our++interests&pg=PA59 |title=Taylor 2000: p. 74. |isbn=9780674044227 |access-date=14 March 2023 |archive-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412110754/https://books.google.com/books?id=_5R2fnVZXiwC&q=chiang+son+i+would+rather+have+no+offspring+than+sacrifice+our++interests&pg=PA59 |url-status=live |last1=Taylor |first1=Jay |date=June 2009 |publisher=Harvard University Press }}</ref>