Editing Chauci (section)

===Aftermath of Teutoburg Forest, c. 15===
The Germans under [[Arminius]] had destroyed 3 [[Roman legion]]s under [[Publius Quinctilius Varus|Varus]] at the [[Battle of the Teutoburg Forest]] in AD&nbsp;9. The Romans recoiled at first but then [[Germanicus]] initiated destructive campaigns against those Germans whom the Romans blamed for their defeat. The Chauci were not among them, and were said to have promised aid, and were associated with the Romans in "military fellowship".<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Tacitus|117|pp=30}}, ''The Annals'', Bk I, Ch 60. Events of AD 15&ndash;16.</ref> However, in defeating Arminius' own tribe (the [[Cherusci]]) the Romans were unable to capture or kill Arminius, who escaped. There were Chauci among the Roman auxiliaries, and they were rumored to have allowed the escape.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Tacitus|117|pp=48}}, ''The Annals'', Bk II, Ch 17. Events of AD 16&ndash;19</ref> In one of the campaigns a Roman fleet (probably riverine, not ocean-going) was broken up by a storm, causing many casualties. Germanicus himself managed to survive by reaching the lands of the Chauci, who provided him with a safe haven.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Tacitus|117|pp=50}}, ''The Annals'', Bk II, Ch 24. Events of AD 16&ndash;19.</ref> Germanicus' campaigns  had resulted in recovery of two of three Aquila lost in the [[Battle of the Teutoburg Forest]] defeat; the third legionary standard was recovered in AD&nbsp;41 by Publius Gabinius from the Chauci during the reign of [[Claudius]], brother of Germanicus.<ref>[[Cassius Dio]], [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/60*.html#8 ''Roman History'' Book LX, Chapter 8]</ref>

A parenthetical note concerns the [[Ampsivarii]]. They had not supported the German cause led by Arminius in 9&nbsp;AD and had been ostracized as a result. The Chauci had suffered no such disaffection from the other Germanic tribes in the aftermath of Teutoburg Forest, nor had they alienated the Romans. Many years later, {{circa|AD&nbsp;58}}, the Chauci seized upon an opportunity to expel the Ampsivarii and occupy their lands at the mouth of the [[Ems (river)|River Ems]], whereby they gained a border with the Frisians to the west.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Tacitus|117|pp=253–254}}, ''The Annals'', Bk XIII, Ch 55. Events of AD 54&ndash;58.</ref>