Editing Charles the Bold (section)

=== Childhood ===
Charles Martin (second forename){{Sfn|Putnam|1908|p=6}} was born on 10 November 1433 in [[Dijon]], capital of the [[Duchy of Burgundy]]. He was the third child of [[Philip the Good]] with his third wife [[Isabella of Portugal, Duchess of Burgundy|Isabella of Portugal]] and the only one to survive past infancy. His mother, fearing that she would lose another child, consecrated the infant to the [[Eucharist|Blessed Sacrament]]. Philip the Good arrived in Dijon in late November to celebrate the birth. He made his son a [[Order of the Golden Fleece|knight of the Golden Fleece]] and the count of [[Charolais, France|Charolais]] in France. The Golden Fleece was a [[Order of chivalry|knightly order]] created by Philip in 1430, and Charolais was a title given to the heirs of the dukes of Burgundy.{{Sfn|Blockmans|Pervenier|1999|p=114}}{{Sfn|Taylor|2002|p=68}} Charles was baptised on 20 November, with Count [[Charles I, Count of Nevers|Charles of Nevers]] and [[Antoine I de Croÿ|Antoine]] from the influential [[House of Croÿ|de Croÿ]] family as his sponsors; he was named after the count of Nevers, Philip the Good's stepson through his second wife, [[Bonne of Artois]].<ref>{{harvnb|Putnam|1908|p=7}}; {{harvnb|Taylor|2002||p=68}}.</ref>

[[File:La Duchesse de Bourgogne arrêtée aux portes de Bruges - Sophie Rude - MBA Lyon 2014.JPG|thumb|''La Duchesse de Bourgogne arrêtée aux portes de Bruges'' by [[Sophie Frémiet]]. 19th-century depiction of the arrest of [[Isabella of Portugal, Duchess of Burgundy|Isabella of Portugal]], her son Charles, and their entourage at the gates of Bruges]]

In early spring 1434, Isabella and her son moved to the mountain fortress of [[Talant]], in fear of multiple outbreaks of [[Plague (disease)|plague]] in Burgundy.{{Sfn|Taylor|2002|p=69}} In winter, the Duchess and her son travelled to Paris to join Philip the Good.{{Sfn|Taylor|2002|p=68}} En route, they stayed in [[Bruges]], where a rebellion against Philip the Good was brewing. In 1436, when Isabella and her entourage were to leave the city, rebels forcefully arrested them near the city gate.{{Sfn|Brown|2010|p=230}} The rebellion was suppressed in 1438, when Philip the Good blockaded the city and forced the rebels to surrender.{{Sfn|Van Loo|2021|p=304}}

During infancy, Charles was described as a robust child.<ref>{{harvnb|Putnam|1908|p=8}}; {{harvnb|Taylor|2002||p=69|year=}}.</ref> Philip the Good assigned many tutors for the young Charles, the most important among them being Antoine Haneron, professor of rhetoric in the [[Old University of Leuven|University of Louvain]].{{Sfn|Knechtges|2012|p=333}} Like his father, Charles developed a fondness for reading histories, chronicles, and historical romances.{{Sfn|Knechtges|2012|p=333}} Charles aspired to become a conqueror like [[Alexander the Great]]. The fact that both he and Alexander had fathers named Philip stimulated his imagination and further encouraged his ambition.<ref>{{harvnb|Vaughan|Paravicini|2002|p=163}}; {{harvnb|Putnam|1908|p=10|year=}}.</ref>

Until the age of six, Charles was brought up by his cousins, [[John I, Duke of Cleves|John]] and [[Agnes of Cleves]], who both were the children of [[Mary of Burgundy, Duchess of Cleves|Mary of Burgundy]], the daughter of [[John the Fearless]]. Of the two, Agnes was more prominent in Charles's early education. Agnes and Charles were constantly in his mother's company.{{Sfn|Sommé|1982|p=734}}

In 1435, with the [[Congress of Arras#Treaty of Arras|Treaty of Arras]], Philip the Good reconciled with [[Charles VII of France|Charles VII]], King of France, marking the end of the Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War.{{Sfn|Schnerb|2008|p=439}} As a sign of good faith in his new ally, Charles VII also allowed a marriage between one of his daughters and Philip's heir and sent his daughters to Burgundy. Philip chose [[Catherine of France, Countess of Charolais|Catherine]], the king's ten-year-old daughter, to marry the six-year-old Charles.{{Sfn|Taylor|2002|p=86}} The two were married on 11 June 1439, during a ceremony accompanied by concerts, jousts, and banquets in the city of [[Saint-Omer]].{{Sfn|Vaughan|Small|2010|p=114}} The two were put under the care of a [[governess]], but were often separated from each other to spend their time with hobbies in line with their ages.<ref>{{harvnb|Vaughan|Small|2010|p=114}}; {{harvnb|Taylor|2002|p=87|year=}}.</ref> Catherine died on 30 July 1446, and her death was deeply mourned at the Burgundian court.{{Sfn|Taylor|2002|p=106}}

In 1441, Philip the Good appointed Jean d'Auxy, {{Transliteration|Fr|[[seigneur]]}} of [[Auxi-le-Château]], as the eight-year-old Charles's guardian. D'Auxy later served as Charles's [[Chamberlain (office)|chamberlain]], from 1456 to 1468.{{Sfn|Gunn|Janse|2006|p=121}} At the age of 12, Charles began to participate in the public affairs of his father's realm. In 1445, he accompanied his father on a rare state visit to Holland and Zealand.{{Sfn|Putnam|1908|pp=24, 25}}