Editing Chancellor of Austria (section)

=== Habsburg Monarchy ===
Nevertheless, when Maximilian's grandson [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]] succeeded him as [[Archduchy of Austria|Archduke of Austria]] in 1521, his elder brother [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Charles V]] (1519–1556) appointed [[Mercurino Gattinara]] as "Grand Chancellor of all the realms and kingdoms of the king" ({{lang|de|Großkanzler aller Länder und Königreiche}}). The separate position of an Austrian Court Chancellor appeared as a  {{lang|de|Österreichische Hofkanzlei}} around 1526, when the [[Habsburg monarchy]] arose with the [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemian]] and [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1538)|Hungarian]] inheritance; it was however once again merged with the equivalent {{lang|de|Reichshofkanzlei}} office of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] in 1559.

Upon the 1620 [[Battle of White Mountain]] and the suppression of the Bohemian revolt, Emperor [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II]] had separate Court Chancelleries established in order to strengthen the unity of the Habsburg hereditary lands. Beside a Bohemian and Hungarian chancellery, he created the office of an Austrian chancellor in [[Vienna]], responsible for the Archduchy of Austria proper (i.e. [[Upper Austria|Upper]] and [[Lower Austria]]) with the [[Inner Austria]]n territories and [[County of Tyrol|Tyrol]]. Under Emperor [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]] (1658–1705) the term again became {{lang|de|Hofkanzler}} with [[Johann Paul Freiherr von Hocher]] (1667–1683), and [[Theodor von Strattman]] (1683–1693).<ref name=cmh1911xiii>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924070596782 |title=Cambridge Modern History vol xiii 1911 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |year=1902 |publisher=Forgotten Books |access-date=20 September 2012}}</ref>
[[File:Wien - Bundeskanzleramt1.JPG|thumb|left|Federal Chancellery on Ballhausplatz, former {{lang|de|Geheime Hofkanzlei}}]]
The eighteenth century was dominated by Prince [[Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg|Wenzel Anton of Kaunitz-Rietberg]] (1753–1792), who was Chancellor to four Habsburg emperors from [[Maria Theresa]] to [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis II]], with the titles of both {{lang|de|Hofkanzler}} and {{lang|de|[[Staatskanzler]]}}. He was succeeded by [[Philipp von Cobenzl|Johann Philipp von Cobenzl]] (1792–1793), who was dismissed by Emperor Francis II over the [[Partition of Poland]] and was succeeded by [[Johann Amadeus von Thugut]] (1793–1800). Thugut's chancellorship did not survive the Austrian defeats by the French at the battles of [[Battle of Marengo|Marengo]] and [[Battle of Hohenlinden|Hohenlinden]] in 1800 and he was replaced by [[Count Ludwig von Cobenzl]] (1800–1805), his predecessor's cousin, but who in turn was dismissed following the Austrian defeat at [[Battle of Austerlitz|Austerlitz]] in 1805.