Editing Chams (section)

===Encounter with Islam===
[[File:尖城_Chamcia_-_Couple_from_Champa_-_Boxer_Codex_(1590).jpg|thumb|Depiction of Cham people in the [[Boxer Codex]] from 1590]]

Islam first arrived in Champa around the ninth century; however, it did not become significant among the Cham people until after the eleventh century.<ref name=":0" />

Chams who migrated to [[Sulu]] were Orang Dampuan.{{r|Halili2004_46}} Champa and Sulu engaged in commerce with each other which resulted in merchant Chams settling in Sulu where they were known as Orang Dampuan from the 10th-13th centuries. The Orang Dampuan were slaughtered by envious native Sulu Buranuns due to the wealth of the Orang Dampuan.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Filipino Moving Onward 5' 2007 Ed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SIq_FvJUr40C&q=Orang+Dampuans&pg=RA3-PA18-IA1|publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc.|isbn=978-971-23-4154-0|pages=3–}}</ref> The Buranun were then subjected to retaliatory slaughter by the Orang Dampuan. Harmonious commerce between Sulu and the Orang Dampuan was later restored.<ref>{{cite book|title=Philippine History Module-based Learning I' 2002 Ed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ITLRpPrrcykC&q=Orang+Dampuans&pg=PA39|publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc.|isbn=978-971-23-3449-8|pages=39–}}</ref> The Yakans were descendants of the Taguima-based Orang Dampuan who came to Sulu from Champa.<ref name=Halili2004_46>{{cite book|author=Maria Christine N. Halili|year=2004|title=Philippine History|publisher=Rex Bookstore|isbn=978-9712339349|pages=46ff|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gUt5v8ET4QYC&q=Orang+Dampuans&pg=PA46}}</ref> Sulu received civilization in its Indic form from the Orang Dampuan.<ref>{{cite book|title=Study Skills in English for a Changing World' 2001 Ed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2H0KWiOADLQC&q=Orang+Dampuans&pg=PA23|publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc.|isbn=978-971-23-3225-8|pages=23–}}</ref>

A number of Chams also fled across the sea to the [[Malay Peninsula]] and as early as the 15th century, a Cham colony was established in [[Malacca]]. The Chams encountered [[Sunni Islam]] there as the [[Malacca Sultanate]] was officially Muslim since 1414. The King of Champa then became an ally of the [[Johor Sultanate]]; in 1594, Champa sent its military forces to fight alongside Johor against the [[Portuguese Malacca|Portuguese occupation of Malacca]].{{sfn|Schliesinger|2015|p=18}} Between 1607 and 1676, one of the Champa kings converted to Islam and it became a dominant feature of Cham society. The Chams also adopted the [[Jawi alphabet]].{{sfn|Davidson|1991|p=105}}
[[File:Cham Woman - Chau Doc - Vietnam - 03.JPG|thumb|A Cham Muslim woman in [[Chau Doc]], Vietnam]]

Historical records in [[Indonesia]] showed the influence of Queen Dwarawati, a Muslim princess from the kingdom of Champa, toward her husband, Kertawijaya, the Seventh King of [[Majapahit Empire]], so that the royal family of the Majapahit Empire eventually converted to Islam, which finally led to the conversion to Islam of the entire region.<ref name="Philip Taylor 2007 78">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a5YntZEIUHMC&q=putri+champa&pg=PA72|title=Cham Muslims of the Mekong Delta: place and mobility in the cosmopolitan periphery|author=Philip Taylor|year=2007|publisher=NUS Press|page=78|isbn=978-9971-69-361-9|access-date=9 January 2011}}</ref><ref name="Agus Sunyoto 2014">{{cite book|url=http://www.atlaswalisongo.com/2015/06/sunan-ampel-485.html|title=Atlas Wali Songo (The Atlas of Nine Saint)|author=Agus Sunyoto|year=2014|publisher=Mizan|isbn=978-602-8648-09-7|access-date=14 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025741/http://www.atlaswalisongo.com/2015/06/sunan-ampel-485.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="John Renard 2009 343">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=srZ5L70phwQC&q=brawijaya+champa&pg=PA343|title=Tales of God's Friends: Islamic Hagiography in Translation|author=John Renard|year=2009|publisher=University of California Press|page=343|isbn=9780520258969|access-date=17 January 2016}}</ref> Chams Princess tomb can be found in [[Trowulan]], the site of the capital of the Majapahit Empire.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j9ZOKjMxVdIC&q=suma%20oriental&pg=PA68|title=Runtuhnya kerajaan Hindu-Jawa dan timbulnya negara-negara Islam di Nusantara|author=Slamet Muljana|year=2005|publisher=PT LKiS Pelangi Aksara|page=68|isbn=978-979-8451-16-4|access-date=9 January 2011}}</ref> In [[Babad Tanah Jawi]], it is said that the king of [[Brawijaya]] V has a wife named Dewi Anarawati (or Dewi Dwarawati), a Muslim daughter of the King of Champa (Chams).<ref name="Philip Taylor 2007 78"/><ref name="Agus Sunyoto 2014"/><ref name="John Renard 2009 343"/> Chams had trade and close cultural ties with the maritime kingdom of [[Srivijaya]] in the [[Malay Archipelago]] {{citation needed|date=January 2024}}.

Another significant figure from Champa in the history of Islam in Indonesia is Raden Rakhmat (Prince Rahmat) who's also known as [[Sunan Ampel]], one of [[Wali Sanga]] (Nine Saints), who spread Islam in [[Java]]. He is considered as a focal point of the Wali Sanga, because several of them were actually his descendants and/or his students. His father is [[Maulana Malik Ibrahim]] also known as Ibrahim as-Samarkandy ("Ibrahim Asmarakandi" to [[Javanese people|Javanese]] ears), and his mother is Dewi Candrawulan, a princess of Champa who's also the sister of Queen Dwarawati. Sunan Ampel was born in Champa in 1401 CE. He came to Java in 1443 CE, in order to visit his aunt Queen Dwarawati, a princess of Champa who married to Kertawijaya (Brawijaya V), the King of Majapahit Empire.<ref name="Philip Taylor 2007 78"/><ref name="Agus Sunyoto 2014"/><ref name="John Renard 2009 343"/> Local legend says that he built the Great Mosque of [[Demak, Indonesia|Demak]] ([[Masjid Agung Demak]]) in 1479 CE, but other legends attribute that work to [[Sunan Kalijaga]]. Sunan Ampel died in [[Demak, Indonesia|Demak]] in 1481 CE, but is buried in [[Ampel Mosque]] at [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]].<ref>[[:id:Sunan Ampel]]{{Circular reference|date=April 2019}}</ref>

Recent scholarship, however, has shown that widespread conversion to Islam came much later. Poorly studied artifacts such as Islamic graves (which simply could have been ships' ballast) have been reexamined to show that they were, in fact, Tunisian and not Cham. Poorly conducted linguistic research attempting to link vocabulary to Arabic has been debunked as well. Rather, there is no sound evidence for widespread conversion to Islam until the 16th century.<ref name="Haw, Stephen">{{cite journal|last1=Haw|first1=Stephen G.|title=Islam in Champa and the Making of a Fictitious History|journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society|date=2018|volume=28|issue=4|pages=717–747|doi=10.1017/S1356186317000219|s2cid=165122789|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society/article/abs/islam-in-champa-and-the-making-of-factitious-history/F3189E4E37FCDF4EE59A40353E133D19|access-date=2 March 2023}}</ref>