Editing Champagne (section)

===Use of the word ''Champagne''===
[[File:Grape-Shot.jpg|thumb|left|upright|1915 English magazine illustration of a lady riding a Champagne cork (Lordprice Collection)]]
Sparkling wines are produced worldwide, but many legal structures reserve the word ''Champagne'' exclusively for sparkling wines from the Champagne region, made in accordance with {{lang|fr|[[Comité Interprofessionnel du vin de Champagne]]}} regulations. In the European Union and many other countries, the name ''Champagne'' is [[protected designation of origin|legally protected]] by the [[Madrid system]] under an 1891 treaty, which reserved it for the sparkling wine produced in the toponymous region and adhering to the standards defined for it as an ''{{lang|fr|[[appellation d'origine contrôlée]]}}''; the protection was reaffirmed in the [[Treaty of Versailles]] after World War I. Over 70 countries have adopted similar legal protection. Most recently [[Australia]],<ref>{{cite web |author=Christopher Werth |url=http://www.marketplace.org/topics/life/australia-corks-its-use-champagne |title=Australia corks its use of 'champagne' |work=Marketplace |date=1 September 2010 |access-date=16 March 2012 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104905/http://www.marketplace.org/topics/life/australia-corks-its-use-champagne |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Chile]], [[Brazil]], [[Canada]] and [[China]] passed laws or signed agreements with Europe that limit the use of the term "Champagne" to only those products produced in the Champagne region. The United States bans the use of all new U.S.-produced wine brands.<ref name="Section">{{usc|26|5388}}</ref> However, those that had approval to use the term on labels before 2006 [[Grandfather clause|may continue to use it]], provided the term is accompanied by the wine's actual origin (e.g., "California").<ref name="Section"/> The majority of US-produced sparkling wines do not use the term ''Champagne'' on their labels,<ref name="Champagne Bureau">{{cite web |url=http://www.champagne.us/ |title=United States Champagne Bureau Champagne in United States Champagne America |publisher=Champagne.us |date=2021-03-31 |accessdate=2022-03-04 |archive-date=3 April 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050403162700/http://www.champagne.us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> and some states, such as Oregon,<ref name="Oregon State Law 471">Oregon State Law 471, including 471.030, 471.730 (1) & (5)</ref> ban producers in their states from using the term.

Several key U.S. wine regions, such as those in California ([[Napa Valley AVA|Napa]], [[Sonoma Valley AVA|Sonoma Valley]], [[Paso Robles AVA|Paso Robles]]), [[Oregon wine|Oregon]], and [[Walla Walla Valley AVA|Walla Walla, Washington]], came to consider the remaining semi-generic labels as harmful to their reputations (cf. [[Napa Declaration on Place]]).

Even the terms ''{{lang|fr|méthode champenoise}}'' and ''Champagne method'' were forbidden by an EU court decision in 1994.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:61993J0306:EN:NOT |title=Judgment of the Court of 13 December 1994, ''SMW Winzersekt GmbH v Land Rheinland-Pfalz'', Preliminary reference – Assessment of validity – Description of sparkling wines – Prohibition of reference to the method of production known as "''méthode champenoise''" |access-date=23 January 2007 }}</ref> {{As of|2005}} the description most often used for sparkling wines using the second fermentation in the bottle process, but not from the Champagne region, is ''{{lang|fr|méthode traditionnelle}}''. Sparkling wines are produced worldwide, and many producers use special terms to define them: Spain uses ''[[Sparkling Wine#Cava|Cava]]'', Italy designates it ''{{lang|it|[[spumante]]}}'', and South Africa uses ''{{lang|fr|cap classique}}''. An Italian sparkling wine made from the [[Muscat (grape)|Muscat]] grape uses the [[Denominazione di origine controllata|DOCG]] ''[[Asti wine|Asti]]'' and from the [[Glera (grape)|Glera]] grape the DOC ''[[Prosecco]]''. In Germany, [[Sekt]] is a common sparkling wine. Other French wine regions cannot use the name Champagne: e.g., [[Burgundy]] and [[Alsace]] produce ''{{lang|fr|[[Crémant]]}}''. In 2008, more than 3,000 bottles of sparkling wine produced in California labelled with the term "Champagne" were destroyed by Belgian government authorities.<ref>{{cite news |author=Alexandra Stadnyk |title=Belgium destroys California bubbly |work=[[BusinessWeek]] online |date=10 January 2008 }}</ref>

Regardless of the legal requirements for labeling, extensive efforts by the Champagne region, and the use of alternative names by non-Champagne sparkling wine producers, some consumers, and wine sellers, including "Korbels California Champagne", use ''Champagne'' as a generic term for white sparkling wines, regardless of origin.

The village of [[Champagne, Switzerland]] has traditionally made a still wine labelled as "Champagne": the earliest records of viticulture dated to 1657. In 1999, in an accord with the EU, the Swiss government conceded that, by 2004, the village would phase out the use of the name. Sales dropped from 110,000 bottles a year to 32,000 after the change. In April 2008, the villagers resolved to fight against the restriction following a Swiss open-air vote.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7332473.stm |title=Swiss town fights champagne ban |date=5 April 2008 |work=[[BBC News Online]] }}</ref>

In the [[Soviet Union]], all sparkling wines were called {{lang|ru|шампанское}} (''{{lang|ru-Latn|shampanskoe}}'', Russian for "that, which is of Champagne"). The name is still used today for some brands of sparkling wines produced in former Soviet republics, such as ''{{lang|ru-Latn|[[Sovetskoye Shampanskoye]]}}'' and ''{{lang|ru-Latn|Rossiyskoe Shampanskoe}}''. In 2021, [[Russia]] banned the use of the designation {{lang|ru|шампанское}} for imported sparkling wine, including sparkling wine produced in the Champagne wine region, reserving the designation for domestically produced sparkling wine only.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Pomranz |first=Mike |date=6 July 2021 |title=Only Wines Made in Russia Can Be Called Champagne Under New Putin Law |url=https://www.foodandwine.com/news/russia-champagne-law-sparkling-wine-label |magazine=[[Food & Wine]] |access-date=4 September 2021 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904113355/https://www.foodandwine.com/news/russia-champagne-law-sparkling-wine-label |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |date=11 July 2021 |title=Russia just banned the use of the word "Shampanskoye" – the Russian word for champagne – on imported bottles |url=https://www.thepeakmagazine.com.sg/gourmet-travel/russia-just-banned-the-use-of-the-word-shampanskoye-the-russian-word-for-champagne-on-imported-bottles/ |magazine=The Peak Magazine |access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref>