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=== Early history === [[File:Visayans 1.png|thumb|left|upright|Depiction of the Bisayan tattooed men, known then as ''[[timawa]]'' in the [[Boxer Codex]] (c. 1590). Cebu was one of the islands referred where "painted people" (referring to the tattoos) resided.]]{{Cleanup|date=March 2024|reason=Citing sources from hoaxes, this entire section needs to be re-examined and rewritten. Note that there are no records, chronicles, or even archaeological evidence that this claim exists.}} [[Cebu (historical polity)|Cebu]] was a native kingdom that existed prior to the arrival of the Spaniards. Visayan folklore relates it was founded by [[Sri]] Lumay otherwise known as ''[[Rajamuda Lumaya]]'', a half-Malay, half-Tamil from [[Sumatra|Sumatra.]]<ref name="Santarita">{{Citation |last=Santarita |first=Joefe B. |title=Panyupayana: The Emergence of Hindu Polities in the Pre-Islamic Philippines |date=2018 |work=Cultural and Civilisational Links between India and Southeast Asia: Historical and Contemporary Dimensions |pages=93–105 |editor-last=Saran |editor-first=Shyam |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-10-7317-5_6 |access-date= |place=Singapore |publisher=Springer |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-981-10-7317-5_6 |isbn=978-981-10-7317-5}}</ref>The capital of the nation was [[Singhapala]] (சிங்கப்பூர்)<ref name="Astrid">[https://www.jstor.org/stable/29792596?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3Ae66b04574962dd2277c44e2367352434&seq=28#page_scan_tab_contents THE GENEALOGY OF HARI' TUPAS: AN ETHNOHISTORY OF CHIEFLY POWER AND HIERARCHY IN SUGBU AS A PROTOSTATE Astrid Sala-Boza] Page 280.</ref> which is Tamil-Sanskrit<ref>[https://mothership.sg/2016/12/5-other-places-in-asia-which-are-also-called-singapura/ 5 other places in Asia which are also called Singapura By Joshua Lee]</ref> for "Lion City", the same root words as with the modern city-state of [[Singapore]]. The later Spanish chronicler Antonio Pigafetta mispronounced Singhapala as Cingopola instead.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6s2z6xNaGbsC&dq=Cingapola%3A+its+chiefs+are+Cilaton%2C+Ciguibucan%2C+Cimaninga%2C+Cimaticat%2C+Cicanbul.&pg=RA1-PA105 "The First Voyage Round the World, by Magellan" Written By Antonio Pigafetta]</ref>
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