Editing Catapult (section)

== Other ancient catapults ==
In chronological order:
* 19th century BC, Egypt, walls of the fortress of [[Buhen]] appear to contain platforms for siege weapons.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Leo Richard|title=The Compendium of Weapons, Armor & Castles|last2=Tenney|first2=Charles R.|publisher=Nabu Press|year=2010|isbn=978-1146066846|pages=139}}</ref>
* c.750 BC, Judah, King [[Uzziah]] is documented as having overseen the construction of machines to "shoot great stones".<ref>{{bibleverse-lb|2|Chronicles|26:15|HE}}</ref>
* between 484 and 468 BC, India, [[Ajatashatru]] is recorded in Jaina texts as having used catapults in his campaign against the [[Licchavi (tribe)|Licchavis]].<ref name= Singh/>
* between 500 and 300 BC, China, recorded use of [[mangonel]]s.<ref name= PaulCh1>Chevedden, Paul E.; Eigenbrod, Les; Foley, Vernard; Soedel, Werner. (July 1995). "The Trebuchet". [[Scientific American]], pp. 66–71. Original version.</ref><ref name= MEist/><ref name= PaulCh2>Paul E. Chevedden, [http://www.doaks.org/resources/publications/dumbarton-oaks-papers/dop54/dp54ch4.pdf The Invention of the Counterweight Trebuchet: A Study in Cultural Diffusion] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610032737/http://www.doaks.org/resources/publications/dumbarton-oaks-papers/dop54/dp54ch4.pdf |date=2014-06-10 }}, p.71, p.74, See citation:"The traction trebuchet, invented by the Chinese sometime before the fourth century B.C." in page 74</ref> They were probably used by the [[Mohist]]s as early as the 4th century BC, descriptions of which can be found in the [[Mozi|''Mojing'']] (compiled in the 4th century BC).<ref name= MEist/><ref name= PaulCh2/> In Chapter 14 of the ''Mojing'', the mangonel is described hurling hollowed out logs filled with burning charcoal at enemy troops.{{sfn|Liang|2006}} The mangonel was carried westward by the [[Pannonian Avars|Avars]] and appeared next in the eastern Mediterranean by the late 6th century AD, where it replaced torsion powered siege engines such as the ballista and onager due to its simpler design and faster rate of fire.{{sfn|Purton|2009|p=366}}<ref name= PaulCh1/>{{sfn|Graff|2016|p=141}} The Byzantines adopted the mangonel possibly as early as 587, the Persians in the early 7th century, and the Arabs in the second half of the 7th century.{{sfn|Graff|2016|p=86}} The [[Franks]] and [[Saxons]] adopted the weapon in the 8th century.{{sfn|Purton|2009|p=367}}