Editing Carillon (section)

===Construction===
[[File:Clavier du carillon.jpg|thumb|alt=A wooden keyboard of batons connected to a pedal board.|Console of the carillon at the {{ill|Church of the Sacred Heart of Cholet|fr|Église du Sacré-Cœur de Cholet}} in [[Maine-et-Loire]], France]]

The carillon is a [[keyboard instrument]]. Though it shares similarities with other instruments in this category, such as the [[organ (music)|organ]] or [[pedal piano]], its playing console is unique.{{sfn|Lehr|2005|p=85}} Playing is done with the hands on a [[manual (music)|manual]] keyboard composed of rounded, wooden batons. The manual has short [[chromatic scale|chromatic]] keys (i.e. "black keys") raised above the [[Diatonic scale|diatonic]] keys ("white keys") and arranged like a piano; however, they are spaced far apart, and the chromatic keys are raised above the rest, about {{convert|10|cm|in|0|sp=us}}.{{sfn|Lehr|2005|p=85}} To operate, the keys are depressed with a closed fist.{{sfn|Gouwens|2017|p=3}} The lowest 1.5 to 2.5 [[octave]]s of the manual are connected to a [[pedal keyboard]] played with the feet. The connection is direct, meaning that when a pedal is pressed, its corresponding key on the manual is pulled down with it.{{sfn|Lehr|2005|p=85}} Since the mid-20th century, there have been two competing keyboard design standards for a carillon's console: the North American standard and the North European standard. They differ over several design elements, such as whether the outer pedals curve toward the center or the specific distance a key is depressed.{{sfnm|Courter et al.|2006|1p=3|Rombouts|2014|2pp=292–93}} In 2006, the World Carillon Federation developed the WCF Keyboard 2006,{{sfn|Courter et al.|2006|p=3}} which is a compromise between the two standards. The organization recommends that its keyboard standard be used as a guideline when constructing new carillons or renovating existing keyboards.<ref>{{cite web |title=Carillon Keyboard Standards |publisher=World Carillon Federation |url=https://www.carillon.org/eng/dynamic_frame_eng.htm?https://www.carillon.org/eng/actueel/gdansk_3.htm |access-date=2021-04-27 |url-status=live |archive-date=2021-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427185924/https://www.carillon.org/eng/dynamic_frame_eng.htm?https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carillon.org%2Feng%2Factueel%2Fgdansk_3.htm }}</ref>

[[File:Vredesbeiaard aarschot.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Bells hanging from beams and attached to a system of wires.|View of the bells and transmission system of the 49-bell {{ill|Aarschot Peace Carillon|nl|Vredesbeiaard (Aarschot)}} in Belgium<ref>{{cite web |title=BEARSTPC |website=TowerBells.org |url=http://www.towerbells.org/data/BEARSTPC.HTM |access-date=2021-08-04 |archive-date=2021-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804223306/http://www.towerbells.org/data/BEARSTPC.HTM |url-status=live }}</ref>]]

Each key is connected to a transmission system via a wire, usually made of stainless steel. When a particular key is depressed, it pulls on the wire which, after interacting with other wires and pulleys, causes a clapper to swing towards the inner wall of the key's corresponding [[bell]]. At rest, these clappers are about {{convert|2|to|4|cm|in|1|sp=us}} away from the bell wall.{{sfn|Lehr|2005|p=76}} Small bells are fitted with springs to pull their clappers back immediately after the stroke, so that the bell is not sounded more than once with each keystroke. This is not necessary for large bells, which have sufficiently heavy clappers.{{sfn|Lehr|2005|p=79}} Immediately above each key is a wire adjuster called a [[turnbuckle]]. These allow the performer to adjust the length of the wire, which often changes with temperature fluctuations.{{sfn|Lehr|2005|p=85}}

The carillon's cast bronze, cup-shaped bells are housed at the top of a tower in a structure typically made of steel or wooden beams. The arrangement of the bells depends on the space, height and construction of the tower, and the number and size of bells. When the heaviest bells are especially large, they are usually placed below the playing cabin to achieve a better tonal distribution.{{sfn|Lehr|2005|pp=86–87}} The bells themselves do not move during operation, only the clappers.{{sfnm|Rice|1914|1p=23|Lehr|2005|2p=10}} With some instruments, the heaviest bells may be outfitted with a mechanism enabling them to swing.<ref>{{cite web |title=Playing Mechanism |publisher=[[The Guild of Carillonneurs in North America]] |url=https://www.gcna.org/playing-mechanism |access-date=2021-02-16 |url-status=live |archive-date=2021-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123212459/https://www.gcna.org/playing-mechanism}}</ref>

[[File:Interieur toren, begane grond, overzicht van het middenstuk van de achterzijde van het trommelspeelwerk - Brielle - 20533341 - RCE.jpg|thumb|alt=Large metal cylinder with pegs connected to gears.|Front of the 16th-century clockwork and playing drum in the {{ill|Catharijnekerk Brielle|nl|Grote of Sint-Catharijnekerk|lt=Catharijnekerk}} in [[Brielle]], Netherlands]]