Editing Carabinieri (section)

=== 1930s and 1940s ===
During [[Fascist Italy (1922–1943)]] under [[Benito Mussolini]], the Carabinieri were one of the police forces entrusted with suppressing opposition in Italy.<ref name="collab">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yZQlNLN3YXQC&pg=PA274 |title=The Oxford illustrated history of Italy – Google Books |access-date=2009-09-19|isbn=978-0-19-820527-2|year=1997|last1=Holmes |first1=George |last2=Holmes |first2=Chichele|page=274|publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref> During the same period, while part of the [[Italian African Police]] (mainly in the late 1930s), they were involved in atrocities<ref>{{cite web | title=Massacres and Atrocities of WWII in the Axis Countries | website=members.iinet.net.au | url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~gduncan/massacres_axis.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194232/http://members.iinet.net.au/~gduncan/massacres_axis.html | archive-date=2016-03-03 | url-status=live | access-date=2019-08-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dacb.org/stories/ethiopia/petros2_abuna.html |title=Pétros, Ethiopia, Orthodox |publisher=Dacb.org |access-date=2009-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228190751/http://www.dacb.org/stories/ethiopia/petros2_abuna.html |archive-date=2010-12-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Adejumobi|first=Saheed A.|title=The History of Ethiopia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-U7aydmefrgC&pg=PA78| year=2007| publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group| isbn=978-0-313-32273-0|page=78}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Mockler|first=Anthony|title=Haile Selassie's War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vCb_nQEACAAJ&pg=PA175|year=2003|publisher=Signal Books|isbn=978-1-902669-53-3|page=175}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.linkethiopia.org/guide/pankhurst/ethiopian_patriots/ethiopian_patriots_4.html |title=The Pankhurst History Library |publisher=[[Link Ethiopia]] |access-date=2009-09-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706001537/http://www.linkethiopia.org/guide/pankhurst/ethiopian_patriots/ethiopian_patriots_4.html |archive-date=2010-07-06 }}</ref> in colonial [[Italian East Africa]] during the [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War]]. During [[World War II]], they fought in their function as military police against the Allied forces, and against [[Yugoslav Partisans]] as part of the Italian occupation force of the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]].

After the [[fall of the Fascist regime in Italy]] on 25 July 1943, on the orders of the king, Mussolini was arrested by the Carabinieri as he left the [[Villa Ada|king's private residence]] in Rome and subsequently imprisoned on [[Campo Imperatore]] by Carabinieri forces. After the [[armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces]] on 3 September 1943 and the country's split into the fascist [[Italian Social Republic]] in the north and the [[Kingdom of Italy]] in the south, the Carabinieri split into two groups.

In the Kingdom of Italy, the Carabinieri Command for Liberated Italy was founded in Bari, mobilizing new units for the Italian war of liberation. These units were attached to the Italian Liberation Corps and the six Italian Combat Groups of the [[Italian Co-Belligerent Army]], fighting with the Allied forces.

In the fascist Social Republic in the North, the regime organized the [[National Republican Guard (Italy)|National Republican Guard]] (composed of Carabinieri, former officers from the [[Italian African Police]], [[Guardia di Finanza]] and customs police), to employ it as a military police and rapid-deployment anti-guerrilla force. GNR was later joined (but not taken over) by the [[Black Brigades]], which represented a new militant incarnation of the Fascist party.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}

Due to the role the Carabinieri had played in the downfall of Mussolini, and since one of the few units which fought the German occupation of Rome were the [[Granatieri di Sardegna Mechanized Brigade]] regiments and the II Carabinieri cadet battalion, the Germans did not view the Carabinieri as loyal to the fascist cause. They disarmed the force and began the deportation of 8,000 officers to Germany for [[forced labour]] on 6 October 1943; the Italian Colonial Police took over their jobs.<ref>{{cite book |last=Paehler |first=Katrin |title=The Third Reich's Intelligence Services|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KphUDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA202 |year=2017 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-15719-4 |page=202}}</ref>

Subsequently, large numbers of Carabinieri joined the [[Italian resistance movement]] to fight German and Italian fascists.<ref>{{cite book |last=Friesendorf |first=Cornelius|title=How Western Soldiers Fight: Organizational Routines in Multinational Missions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EgpaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83|year=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-42910-8 |page=83}}</ref> Nonetheless, some 45,000 officers remained on the job and as of March 1944, this group was the only national security force in Italy.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Battistelli |first1=Pier Paolo|last2=Crociani|first2=Piero|title=World War II Partisan Warfare in Italy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zECXCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA14 |year=2015 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4728-0894-3|page=14}}</ref>

After the war the Carabinieri counted at least 2735 fallen and 6500 wounded, out of approximately 14,000 who had joined the Resistance in northern and central Italy. In Yugoslavia, the Carabinieri formed a battalion of the Italian [[182nd Armored Infantry Regiment "Garibaldi"]], which fought alongside the Yugoslav partisans against the [[Wehrmacht]] and the Croatian [[Ustaše]]. The battalion lost over 80% of its members in combat and was awarded the [[Silver Medal of Military Valor]] to commemorate the fallen.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carabinieri.it/Internet/Arma/Curiosita/Non+tutti+sanno+che/R/21+R.htm |title=Arma dei Carabinieri – Home – L'Arma – Curiosità – Non tutti sanno che... - R |publisher=Carabinieri.it |access-date=2009-09-19}}</ref><ref name="milhist">{{cite web|url=http://www.carabinieri.it/Internet/Multilingua/EN/MilitaryOperations/ |title=Arma dei Carabinieri – Home - > – EN – Military Operations |publisher=Carabinieri.it |access-date=2009-09-19}}</ref>

One notable act of heroism in this era came from Vice [[Brigadier#Italy|Brigadiere]] [[Salvo D'Acquisto]], who was executed by [[Nazi Germany]] in Palidoro (near [[Rome]]) during World War II. D'Acquisto exchanged his life for the lives of citizens due to be executed in retaliation for the killing of a German soldier; instead, he claimed responsibility and was executed for the offence.<ref>{{cite book|title=Italy Justice System and National Police Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnL4EMUhaSEC&pg=PA196|date=22 April 2018|publisher=Int'l Business Publications|isbn=978-1-4387-2542-0|page=196}}</ref>