Editing Car bomb (section)

===Countermeasures===
Defending against a car bomb involves keeping vehicles at a distance from vulnerable targets by using [[roadblock]]s and [[Security checkpoint|checkpoint]]s, [[Jersey barrier]]s, concrete blocks or [[bollard]]s, [[Metalith|metal barriers]], or by hardening buildings to withstand explosions. The entrance to [[Downing Street]] in London has been closed since 1991 in reaction to the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] campaign, preventing the public from approaching [[10 Downing Street|Number 10]]. Where major public roads pass near buildings, road closures may be the only option (thus, for instance, in [[Washington, D.C.]] the portion of [[Pennsylvania Avenue (Washington, D.C.)|Pennsylvania Avenue]] immediately in front of the [[White House]] is closed to traffic). Historically these tactics have encouraged potential bombers to target [[soft target|"soft" or unprotected targets]], such as markets.<ref>See Davis.{{full citation needed|date=May 2024}}</ref>