Editing Cancer (section)

=== Local symptoms ===
Local symptoms may occur due to the mass of the tumor or its ulceration. For example, mass effects from lung cancer can block the [[bronchus]] resulting in cough or [[pneumonia]]; [[esophageal cancer]] can cause narrowing of the [[esophagus]], making it difficult or painful to swallow; and [[colorectal cancer]] may lead to narrowing or blockages in the [[bowel]], affecting bowel habits. Masses in breasts or testicles may produce observable lumps. [[ulcer (dermatology)|Ulceration]] can cause bleeding that can lead to symptoms such as [[hemoptysis|coughing up blood]] (lung cancer), [[anemia]] or [[Lower gastrointestinal bleeding|rectal bleeding]] (colon cancer), [[Hematuria|blood in the urine]] (bladder cancer), or [[abnormal vaginal bleeding]] (endometrial or cervical cancer). Although localized pain may occur in advanced cancer, the initial tumor is usually painless. Some cancers can cause a buildup of fluid within the chest or [[Ascites|abdomen]].<ref name="Card10">Holland Chp. 1</ref>