Editing Caguas, Puerto Rico (section)

==Geography==
[[File:2022viewofcaguas1.jpg|thumb|Caguas from the [[Sierra de Cayey]]]]
The city and municipality of Caguas are located approximately 30 minutes from the coastline both on the east ([[Humacao, Puerto Rico|Humacao]]) and the north ([[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]]). It is east of [[Aguas Buenas, Puerto Rico|Aguas Buenas]] and [[Cidra, Puerto Rico|Cidra]], north of [[Cayey, Puerto Rico|Cayey]], south of [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]], and west of [[Gurabo, Puerto Rico|Gurabo]] and [[Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico|Trujillo Alto]]. It also shares borders with [[Guayama, Puerto Rico|Guayama]] and [[Patillas, Puerto Rico|Patillas]] via a five-point border at the summit of [[Cerro La Santa]], with [[Cayey, Puerto Rico|Cayey]] and [[San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico|San Lorenzo]]. This is the tallest point of the [[Sierra de Cayey]], not to be confused with Montaña Santa (officially called Cerro de Nuestra Madre) which is another mountain in the same massif located on the boundary between the municipalities of Patillas and San Lorenzo. At this point there are two tall antennas which provide signal to Puerto Rico's principal TV stations such as [[WKAQ-TV]] and [[WAPA-TV]]. No road passes exactly at this point, and it can be approached nearby through [[Puerto Rico Highway 184]].

=== Valle de Caguas ===
{{Main|Caguas Valley}}
[[File:Vista del area de Caguas desde el cerro las piñas - panoramio.jpg|thumb|View of the Caguas Valley from Cerro Las Piñas in [[Beatriz, Cayey, Puerto Rico|Beatriz, Cayey]].]]
The city is located in one of the largest valleys in Puerto Rico, the ''Valle de Caguas'' or '''[[Caguas Valley]]''' (also known as ''Valle del Turabo'' or the [[Turabo River|Turabo]] Valley).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elnuevodia.com/deportes/beisbol/nota/orgulloyalegriaenelvalledelturabo-2282411/|title=Orgullo y alegría en el Valle del Turabo|date=19 January 2017|website=Elnuevodia.com|access-date=30 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228173419/https://www.elnuevodia.com/deportes/beisbol/nota/orgulloyalegriaenelvalledelturabo-2282411/|archive-date=28 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Being located in a valley, Caguas has the distinction of being relatively flat except near the borders with all the mentioned municipalities except Gurabo.<ref name="PR_Ency">{{cite web|url=https://enciclopediapr.org/en/encyclopedia/caguas-municipality/|title=Caguas Municipality|publisher=Fundación Puertorriqueña de las Humanidades (FPH)|access-date=2019-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604042008/https://enciclopediapr.org/en/encyclopedia/caguas-municipality/|archive-date=2019-06-04|url-status=live}}</ref> The valley is bordered by the [[Altos de La Mesa]] and [[Altos de San Luis|San Luis]] ranges in the north, the [[Sierra de Luquillo]] on the northeast, the [[San Lorenzo batholith]] to the east, the [[Sierra de Cayey]] on the south and the main range of the [[Cordillera Central (Puerto Rico)|Cordillera Central]] to the west.

This valley is fed mainly by the [[Río Grande de Loíza|Grande de Loíza River]], one of Puerto Rico's major rivers that feed into the [[Atlantic Ocean]], and numerous tributaries such as the [[Cagüitas River|Cagüitas]], along which the contemporary settlement of [[Caguas barrio-pueblo|Caguas]] was built. The city's nickname ''Valle del Turabo'' comes from the [[Turabo River]], which is another tributary that flows from the south. The [[Gurabo River]], another major tributary, feeds into the [[Río Grande de Loíza|Grande de Loíza]] at a region where the valley narrows into a [[rift valley]] that runs from west to east and ends in [[Humacao, Puerto Rico|Humacao]] in the southeastern coast of the island.

As with other parts of Puerto Rico, the region of Caguas is susceptible to earthquakes. The municipality is located along the [[Great Northern Puerto Rico fault zone]] (GNPRfz) and in recent times the region experienced moderate size earthquakes in 1990<ref>{{Cite web|title=M 4.7 - 1 km W of Juncos, Puerto Rico|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0004f8n/executive|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-06|website=earthquake.usgs.gov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906074028/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0004f8n/executive |archive-date=September 6, 2021 }}</ref> and [[2010 Aguas Buenas earthquake|2010]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.1 - 3 km W of Aguas Buenas, Puerto Rico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000hrud/executive |access-date=2021-09-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref>

===Water features===
*The [[Río Grande de Loíza]] divides the municipality from [[Gurabo, Puerto Rico|Gurabo]].
*Other rivers: [[Río Turabo]], [[Cagüitas River|Río Cagüitas]], [[Río Cañaboncito]], [[Río Bairoa]] and [[Río Cañas (Caguas, Puerto Rico)|Río Cañas]].

===Climate===
[[File:Restoring the electrical grid in Caguas, Puerto Rico, post Hurricane Maria.jpg|thumb|Restoring the electrical grid in Caguas, post Hurricane Maria.]]
The climate is classified as a [[tropical monsoon climate]], meaning the daily mean temperature from month to month is never less than {{convert|64.4|°F|°C|abbr=on}}, and there is a distinct wet and dry season. Rainfall is common in relative abundance throughout most of the year, although there is less rain than in the eastern coastal valleys. The land, however, is fertile and deep.

<!--Infobox begins-->
{{Weather_box
|single line = Yes
|open = Yes
|location = Caguas (Average and Records: 1948-2010)
|temperature colour = pastel

<!--High Temperatures-->
|Jan high F = 79.3 |Jan record high F = 92
|Feb high F = 80.9 |Feb record high F = 93
|Mar high F = 86.4 |Mar record high F = 95
|Apr high F = 88.1 |Apr record high F = 95
|May high F = 89.4 |May record high F = 97
|Jun high F = 90.5 |Jun record high F = 99
|Jul high F = 90.7 |Jul record high F = 99
|Aug high F = 91.1 |Aug record high F = 98
|Sep high F = 91.0 |Sep record high F = 101
|Oct high F = 90.0 |Oct record high F = 99
|Nov high F = 87.4 |Nov record high F = 95
|Dec high F = 84.9 |Dec record high F = 95
|year high F = 87.5 |year record high F = 101

<!--Mean daily temperature-->
|Jan mean F = 70.9
|Feb mean F = 71.1
|Mar mean F = 74.3
|Apr mean F = 77.1
|May mean F = 79.6
|Jun mean F = 81.4
|Jul mean F = 82.7
|Aug mean F = 82.5
|Sep mean F = 82.8
|Oct mean F = 81.6
|Nov mean F = 78.1
|Dec mean F = 75.4
|year mean F = 78.1

<!--Low Temperatures-->
|Jan low F = 62.5 |Jan record low F = 50
|Feb low F = 61.1 |Feb record low F = 50
|Mar low F = 62.3 |Mar record low F = 49
|Apr low F = 66.0 |Apr record low F = 56
|May low F = 69.8 |May record low F = 62
|Jun low F = 72.4 |Jun record low F = 65
|Jul low F = 74.7 |Jul record low F = 66
|Aug low F = 74.0 |Aug record low F = 67
|Sep low F = 74.7 |Sep record low F = 66
|Oct low F = 73.2 |Oct record low F = 64
|Nov low F = 68.7 |Nov record low F = 59
|Dec low F = 65.8 |Dec record low F = 57
|year low F = 68.8 |year record low F = 49

<!-- Rainfall -->
|Jan rain inch = 3.05
|Feb rain inch = 2.68
|Mar rain inch = 1.39
|Apr rain inch = 4.32
|May rain inch = 10.46
|Jun rain inch = 4.22
|Jul rain inch = 4.20
|Aug rain inch = 5.03
|Sep rain inch = 9.74
|Oct rain inch = 7.12
|Nov rain inch = 7.87
|Dec rain inch = 3.46
|year rain inch = 59.52

<!--Average number of rainy days-->
|unit rain days= 0.10
|Jan rain days = 9
|Feb rain days = 7
|Mar rain days = 6
|Apr rain days = 12
|May rain days = 18
|Jun rain days = 11
|Jul rain days = 8
|Aug rain days = 10
|Sep rain days = 14
|Oct rain days = 10
|Nov rain days = 18
|Dec rain days = 9
|year rain days = 100
|source 1 = '''Southeast Regional Climate Center'''&nbsp;<ref name=SRCC>{{cite web |url= http://www.sercc.com/cgi-bin/sercc/cliMAIN.pl?pr0158 |title= CAGUAS, PUERTO RICO |publisher= [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|The University of North Carolina]] (Chapel Hill campus) |access-date= 26 October 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130808092914/http://www.sercc.com/cgi-bin/sercc/cliMAIN.pl?pr0158 |archive-date= 2013-08-08 |url-status= live }}</ref>
}}
<!--Infobox ends-->

===Barrios===
[[File:Caguas, Puerto Rico locator map.png|thumb|Subdivisions of Caguas.]]
Like all municipalities of Puerto Rico, Caguas is subdivided into [[Barrios of Puerto Rico|barrios]]:<ref name="Law2015">{{cite book|author=Gwillim Law|title=Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 through 1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nXCeCQAAQBAJ|access-date=25 December 2018|date=20 May 2015|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-0447-3|page=300}}</ref><ref name="US2010Census" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://welcome.topuertorico.org/maps/caguas.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324204920/http://welcome.topuertorico.org/maps/caguas.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2018-03-24 |title=Map of Caguas at the Wayback Machine|access-date=2018-12-29 }}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
# [[Caguas barrio-pueblo]]<ref name="Barrio-Pueblo">{{cite web |title=US Census Barrio-Pueblo definition |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/help/en/barrio.htm |website=factfinder.com |publisher=US Census |access-date=5 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513190743/https://factfinder.census.gov/help/en/barrio.htm |archive-date=13 May 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
# [[Bairoa, Caguas, Puerto Rico|Bairoa]]
# [[Beatriz, Caguas, Puerto Rico|Beatriz]]
# [[Borinquen, Caguas, Puerto Rico|Borinquen]]
# [[Cañabón, Caguas, Puerto Rico|Cañabón]]
# [[Cañaboncito, Caguas, Puerto Rico|Cañaboncito]]
# [[Río Cañas, Caguas, Puerto Rico|Río Cañas]]
# [[San Antonio, Caguas, Puerto Rico|San Antonio]]
# [[San Salvador, Caguas, Puerto Rico|San Salvador]]
# [[Tomás de Castro, Caguas, Puerto Rico|Tomás de Castro]]
# [[Turabo, Caguas, Puerto Rico|Turabo]]
{{div col end}}

===Sectors===
Barrios (which are, in contemporary times, roughly comparable to  [[minor civil divisions]])<ref name="Barrio-Pueblo"/> and subbarrios,<ref name="Census map 000">{{cite web |title=P.L. 94-171 VTD/SLD Reference Map 000 (2010 Census): Caguas Municipio, PR |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/pl10map/vtd_sld/st72_english/c72025_caguas/PL10VTD_C72025_000.pdf |website=www2.census.gov |publisher=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=22 August 2020 |archive-date=23 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823021850/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/pl10map/vtd_sld/st72_english/c72025_caguas/PL10VTD_C72025_000.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Census map 001">{{cite web |title=P.L. 94-171 VTD/SLD Reference Map 001 (2010 Census): Caguas Municipio, PR |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/pl10map/vtd_sld/st72_english/c72025_caguas/PL10VTD_C72025_001.pdf |website=www2.census.gov |publisher=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=22 August 2020 |archive-date=23 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823021850/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/pl10map/vtd_sld/st72_english/c72025_caguas/PL10VTD_C72025_001.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Census map 002">{{cite web |title=P.L. 94-171 VTD/SLD Reference Map 002 (2010 Census): Caguas Municipio, PR |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/pl10map/vtd_sld/st72_english/c72025_caguas/PL10VTD_C72025_002.pdf |website=www2.census.gov |publisher=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=22 August 2020 |archive-date=23 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823021850/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/pl10map/vtd_sld/st72_english/c72025_caguas/PL10VTD_C72025_002.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> are further subdivided into smaller areas called {{lang|es|sectores}} (''sectors'' in English). The types of ''sectores'' may vary, from normally ''sector'' to ''urbanización'' to ''reparto'' to ''barriada'' to ''residencial'', among others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presupuesto.pr.gov/Presupuesto2015-2016/PresupuestosAgencias/229.htm|title=Agencia: Oficina del Coordinador General para el Financiamiento Socioeconómico y la Autogestión (Proposed 2016 Budget)|website=Puerto Rico Budgets|language=es|access-date=28 June 2019|archive-date=28 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628234856/http://www.presupuesto.pr.gov/Presupuesto2015-2016/PresupuestosAgencias/229.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | author1=Rivera Quintero, Marcia | title=El vuelo de la esperanza: Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997-2004 | year=2014 | publication-date=2014 | publisher=San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón | edition=first | isbn=978-0-9820806-1-0 }}</ref><ref name="Law 1-2001">{{cite web|url=http://www.lexjuris.com/lexlex/Leyes2001/lex2001001.htm|title=Leyes del 2001|website=Lex Juris Puerto Rico|language=es|access-date=24 June 2020|archive-date=14 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914224408/http://www.lexjuris.com/lexlex/Leyes2001/lex2001001.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Special Communities===
{{See also|Puerto Rico Office for Socioeconomic and Community Development}}
{{lang|es|Comunidades Especiales de Puerto Rico}} (Special Communities of Puerto Rico) are marginalized communities whose citizens are experiencing a certain amount of [[social exclusion]]. A map shows these communities occur in nearly every municipality of the commonwealth. Of the 742 places that were on the list in 2014, the following barrios, communities, sectors, or neighborhoods were in Caguas: Bairoa La 25, Morales neighborhood, Parcelas Viejas in Borinquén, Sector La Barra, and Comunidad La Quebrada in Río Cañas, Hoyo Frío in Las Carolinas, Lajitas, Las Carolinas, Los Muchos, Los Panes in Beatriz, and Savarona.<ref>{{Citation|author1=Rivera Quintero, Marcia|title=El vuelo de la esperanza:Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997-2004|year=2014 |publication-date=2014| publisher=San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón| edition=Primera edición|page=273|isbn=978-0-9820806-1-0}}</ref><ref name="wordpress.com">{{cite web|url=https://cpprbib.wordpress.com/biblioteca-virtual/guias-tematicas/comunidades-especiales/comunidades-especiales-de-puerto-rico/|title=Comunidades Especiales de Puerto Rico|date=8 August 2011|language=es|access-date=24 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624004414/https://cpprbib.wordpress.com/biblioteca-virtual/guias-tematicas/comunidades-especiales/comunidades-especiales-de-puerto-rico/|archive-date=24 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>