Editing César Vallejo (section)

==Works==

===Los Heraldos Negros (1919)===
''Los Heraldos Negros'' (The Black Messengers) was completed in 1918, but not published until 1919. In the 1993 edited volume ''Neruda and Vallejo: Selected Poems'', [[Robert Bly]] describes this collection as "a staggering book, sensual, prophetic, affectionate, wild," and as "the greatest single collection of poems I have ever read." The title is likely suggestive of the [[four horsemen of the apocalypse]], as the book touches on topics of religiosity, life and death.

* Poem: "The Black Heralds" <ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.shearsman.com/archive/samples/2007/CVbhSampler.pdf|title = The Black Heralds|access-date = December 21, 2012|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120306204244/http://www.shearsman.com/archive/samples/2007/CVbhSampler.pdf|archive-date = March 6, 2012|url-status = dead}}</ref>

:There are blows in life, so powerful . . . I don't know!
:Blows as from God's hatred; as if before them,
:the backlash of everything suffered
:were to dam up in the soul . . . I don't know!

:They are few; but they are . . . They open dark furrows
:in the fiercest face and in the strongest side.
:Maybe they could be the horses of barbarous Attilas;
:or the black heralds Death sends us.

:They are the deep abysses of the soul's Christs,
:of some revered faith Destiny blasphemes.
:Those gory blows are the cracklings of a bread
:that burns-up on us at the oven's door.

:And man . . . Poor . . . poor! He turns his eyes,
:as when a slap on the shoulder calls us;
:he turns his crazed eyes, and everything lived
:is dammed up, like a pond of guilt, in his gaze.
:There are blows in life, so powerful . . . I don't know!

===Trilce (1922)===
''[[Trilce]]'', published in 1922, anticipated much of the avant-garde movement that would develop in the 1920s and 1930s. Vallejo's book takes language to a radical extreme, inventing words, stretching syntax, using automatic writing and other techniques now known as "surrealist" (though he did this ''before'' the Surrealist movement began). The book put Latin America at the center of the [[Avant-garde]]. Like [[James Joyce]]'s ''[[Finnegans Wake]],'' ''Trilce'' borders on inaccessibility.

===España, Aparta de Mí Este Cáliz (1939)===
In ''[[:es:España, aparta de mí este cáliz|España, aparta de mí este cáliz]]'' (Spain, Take This Chalice from Me), Vallejo takes the [[Spanish Civil War|Spanish Civil War (1936–39)]] as a living representation of a struggle between good and evil forces, where he advocates for the triumph of mankind. This is symbolised in the salvation of the [[Second Spanish Republic|Second Spanish Republic (1931–39)]] that was being attacked by fascist allied forces led by General [[Francisco Franco|Franco]]. In 1994 [[Harold Bloom]] included ''España, Aparta de Mí Este Cáliz'' in his list of influential works of the [[Western Canon]].

===Poemas Humanos (1939)===
''Poemas Humanos'' ''([[Human Poems]])'', published by the poet's wife after his death, is a leftist work of political, socially oriented poetry. Although a few of these poems appeared in magazines during Vallejo's lifetime, almost all of them were published posthumously. The poet never specified a title for this grouping, but while reading his body of work, his widow found that he had planned a book of "human poems", which is why his editors decided on this title. Of this last written work, it was said<ref>Julio Caillet Bois, ''Antología del la poesía hispanoamericano,'' Madrid: Aguilar S.A. Ediciones, 1965, p1246</ref>"... after a long silence, as if the presentiment of death might have urged him, he wrote in a few months the ''Poemas humanos''."

===Plays===
Vallejo wrote five plays, none of which was staged or published during his lifetime.

''Mampar'' is the subject of a critical letter from French actor and theatre director [[Louis Jouvet]] which says, in summary, "Interesting, but terminally flawed". It deals with the conflict between a man and his mother-in-law. The text itself is lost, assumed to have been destroyed by Vallejo.

''Lock-Out'' (1930, written in French; a Spanish translation by Vallejo himself is lost) deals with a labour struggle in a foundry.
[[File:Vallejo1.JPG|thumb|Monument to César Vallejo in the [[Jesús María District, Lima|Jesus Maria District]] of Lima, Peru.]]
''Entre las dos orillas corre el río'' (1930s) was the product of a long and difficult birth. Titles of earlier versions include ''Varona Polianova'', ''Moscú contra Moscú'', ''El juego del amor, del odio y de la muerte'' and several variations on this latter title.

''Colacho hermanos o Presidentes de América'' (1934). Satire displaying Peruvian democracy as a bourgeois farce under pressure from international companies and diplomacy.

''La piedra cansada'' (1937), a poetic drama set in the Inca period and influenced by Greek tragedy.

===Essay===
Vallejo published a chronicles book entitled ''Russia in 1931. Reflections at the foot of the Kremlin'' (Madrid, 1931) and prepared another similar book for the presses titled ''Russia before the second five-year plan'' (finished in 1932 but was later published in 1965).

Also, he organized two prose books about essay and reflection: ''Against Professional Secrecy'' (written, according to Georgette, between 1923 and 1929), and ''Art and Revolution'' (written between 1929 and 1931), which bring together diverse articles, some which were published in magazines and newspapers during the lifetime of the author. No Spanish editorial wanted to publish these books because of their Marxist and revolutionary character. They would later be published in 1973.

===Novels===
''El tungsteno'' (1931). A social realist novel depicting the oppression of native Peruvian miners and their communities by a foreign-owned tungsten mine.

''Towards the kingdom of the Sciris'' (1928) is a historic short story dealing with the Incan theme.

''Fabla Salvaje'' (1924) Literally 'Wild Language', is a short novel which follows the insanity of a character who lives in the Andes.

The children's book, "[[Paco Yunque]]", was rejected in Spain in 1930 for being too violent for children. But after it was published in Peru in the 1960s, it became mandatory reading in the elementary schools in Peru.

===Non-fiction===
''Rusia en 1931, reflexiones al pie del Kremlin'' (''Russia in 1931, reflections at the foot of the Kremlin''), first published in 1931, is a journalistic work describing Vallejo's impressions of the new socialist society that he saw being built in [[Soviet Union|Soviet Russia]].

''Rusia ante el II Plan Quinquenal'' is a second work of Vallejo's chronicles of his travels [[in Soviet Russia]], focusing on [[Joseph Stalin]]'s second [[Five-year plans of the Soviet Union|Five Year Plan]]. The book, originally written in 1931, was not published until 1965.