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===Early history and first settlements=== [[File:Zamek Bydgoski - makieta.jpg|thumb|left|Mockup of the old castle in the Old Town]] In [[ancient history|ancient]] times, there was a development of settlements related to lively trade contacts with the [[Roman Empire]], as a convenient location of today's Bydgoszcz laid on the [[Amber Road]] heading northwest to the Baltic coastline avoiding crossing the Vistula river.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ptolemy|date=150|title=Photo Gallery: Ptolemy's Geography|url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/mapping-ancient-germania-berlin-researchers-crack-the-ptolemy-code-a-720513.html#fotostrecke-264ad0d0-0001-0002-0000-000000059994|access-date=June 10, 2020|website=The Mirror - International}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dygaszewicz|first=Elżbieta|date=2000|title=From Paleolithic to the Middle Ages|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1150533527|journal=Bydgoszcz Calendar|location=Bydgoszcz|publisher=Society for the Lovers of Bydgoszcz City|issn=0209-3081|oclc=1150533527|ref=none}}</ref><ref>*{{Cite book|last=Wilke|first=Gerard|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/27641385|title=History of Bydgoszcz|publisher=State Publishing House, Sciences|year=1991–2015|isbn=8301066660|editor-last=Biskup|editor-first=Marian|volume=I|location=Warsaw|chapter=Prehistory and Early Middle Ages in the Light of Archaeological Sources (until the Beginning of the 12th Century)|oclc=27641385|editor-last2=Naukowe|editor-first2=Bydgoskie Towarzystwo|ref=none}}</ref> During the [[West Slavs|early Slavic]] period a fishing settlement called ''Bydgoszcza'' ("Bydgostia" in Latin) became a stronghold on the Vistula [[trade route]]s. The [[gród]] of Bydgoszcz was built between 1037 and 1053 during the reign of [[Casimir I the Restorer]]. In the 13th century it was the site of a [[castellany]], mentioned in 1238, probably founded in the early 12th century during the reign of [[Bolesław III Wrymouth]]. In the 13th century, the church of [[Saint Giles]] was built as the first church of Bydgoszcz. The Germans later demolished it in the late 19th century.<ref name=TB/>{{Better source needed|date=June 2024}} The first bridge was constructed at the reign of [[Casimir I of Kuyavia]]. In the early 14th century, the [[Duchy of Bydgoszcz and Wyszogród]] was created, with Bydgoszcz serving as its capital with Wyszogród, a settlement today within its borders. During the [[Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)]], the city was captured and destroyed by the [[Teutonic Knights]] in 1330.<ref name=TB>{{cite web|url=http://www.turystyka.bydgoszcz.pl/art/10/historia-bydgoszczy.html|title=Historia Bydgoszczy|website=Bydgoski Serwis Turystyczny|access-date=27 October 2019|language=pl}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=June 2024}} Briefly regained by Poland, it was occupied by the Teutonic Knights from 1331 to 1337 and annexed to their [[State of the Teutonic Order|monastic state]] as{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}{{dubious|date=June 2024}} ''Bromberg''. In 1337, it was recaptured by Poland and was relinquished by the Knights in 1343 at their signing of the [[Treaty of Kalisz (1343)|Treaty of Kalisz]] along with [[Dobrzyń Land|Dobrzyń]] and the remainder of [[Kuyavia]].
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