Editing Butyrka prison (section)

==Notable inmates==
* [[Fabijan Abrantovich]], Catholic priest and a pro-independence activist from [[Belarus]]
* [[Anna Abrikosova]], [[nun]] of the [[Dominican Order]] and prominent figure in the [[Catholic Church in Russia]]
* [[Andrei Amalrik]], Russian historian and famed dissident during the 1960s; author of "Will the Soviet Union Survive Until 1984"
* [[Władysław Anders]], Polish general and prime minister
* [[Isaak Babel]], writer, killed in 1940
* [[Aron Baron]], Ukrainian [[Anarchism|anarchist]]
* [[Mieczysław Boruta-Spiechowicz]], Polish general and one of the leaders of anti-communist opposition in the 1970s
* [[Alikhan Bukeikhanov]], Kazakh statesman
* [[Walerian Czuma]], Polish general
* [[Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinskiy|Felix Dzerzhinsky]], [[Cheka]] founder
* [[Vladimir Dzhunkovsky]], Russian statesman
* [[Yuli-Yoel Edelstein]] ({{langx|he|יולי-יואל אדלשטיין}}, {{langx|ru|link=no|Ю́лий Ю́рьевич Эдельште́йн}} is an Israeli politician. One of the most prominent [[refuseniks]] in the Soviet Union, he has been [[List of Knesset speakers|Speaker of the Knesset]] since 2013
* [[Beatification|Blessed]] [[Leonid Feodorov]], [[Exarch]] and reputed [[bishop]] of the [[Russian Greek Catholic Church]]
* [[Rashid Khan Gaplanov]], [[Ministry of Education (Azerbaijan)|Education]] and [[Ministry of Finance (Azerbaijan)|Finance]] Minister of [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gazavat.ru/personalies2.php?people=78 |title=КАПЛАНОВ РАШИД ХАН |trans-title=Kaplanov Rashid Khan |access-date=2011-11-28}}</ref>
* [[Yevgenia Ginzburg]], author of ''[[Journey into the Whirlwind]]'' and ''Within the Whirlwind''; mother of the writer [[Vasili Aksyonov]]; her books tell of her arrest during the 1937 purges in the city of [[Kazan]], where she worked as a leading member of the local Communist Party structures of Tartary
* [[Filipp Goloshchyokin]], Soviet politician and party leader, was briefly held in Butyrka and sent to Kuibyshev and shot there in October 1941
* [[Sergey Golovkin]], serial killer and the last person to be executed in Russia
* [[2014 Moscow school shooting|Sergey Gordeyev]], mass murderer who took 29 students hostage at his school
* [[Dmitry Pavlovich Grigorovich]], aircraft designer
* [[Vladimir Gusinsky]], led to the "shares for freedom" transaction or Protocol No.6 (Протокол N.6. Доля свободы) that was signed by [[:ru:Список министров печати России#Министерство по делам печати, телерадиовещания и средств массовых коммуникаций Российской Федерации|Minister for Press, Broadcasting and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation]], [[Mikhail Lesin]]
* [[Werner Haase]], one of Adolf Hitler's personal physicians, died in captivity in 1950
* [[Heinz Hitler]], German dictator Adolf Hitler's favorite nephew, died after several days of torture in 1942
* [[Vladimir Ionesyan]], spree killer executed in 1964
* [[Vyacheslav Ivankov]], mob boss and [[thief in law]]
* [[Aleksandr Ivanov-Sukharevsky]], far right politician and leader of the Peoples National Party (NNP)
* [[Bruno Jasieński]], [[Polish poet]] and [[Futurism (art)|futurist]], killed in 1938
* [[Elena Karpuchina]], the [[1967 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships|1967 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Champion]], born in 1951 and spent her first two years living in Butyrki until her mother's pardon in 1953
* [[Aleksandr Kokorin]], Russian footballer
* [[Sergei Korolev]], Russian rocket and spacecraft designer
* [[Walter Linse]], German human rights lawyer kidnapped in the American sector of Berlin in July 1952, executed 15 December 1953
* [[Alexander Litvinenko]]
* [[Beatification|Blessed]] [[Zygmunt Łoziński]], Catholic bishop of [[Minsk]]
* [[Sergei Magnitsky]], lawyer, whose 2009 death in [[Matrosskaya Tishina|Matrosskaya Tishina Prison]] led to a 2009 Russian law forbidding jailing of tax criminals and also to the [[Magnitsky Act]] being passed by the [[United States Congress|US Congress]] in 2012.
* [[Nestor Makhno]], Ukrainian [[Anarchism|anarchist]]
* [[Pavel Mamayev]], Russian footballer
* [[Vladimir Mayakovsky]], poet
* [[Günther Merk]], SS-''[[Brigadeführer]]'' and war criminal, executed in January 1947
* [[Leopold Okulicki]], Polish general, last commander of the [[Armia Krajowa]], killed in Butyrki in 1946
* [[Konstantin Päts]], president of the Republic of Estonia when it became [[occupation of Baltic Republics|occupied]] by the [[Soviet Union]] in 1940
* [[Unto Parvilahti]], SS-Officer
* [[Nikolai Polikarpov]], Soviet aeronautical engineer
* [[Yevgeny Polivanov]], Soviet linguist, orientalist and polyglot who was executed in 1938<ref name="Rferl 12-2018">{{cite news |last=Tatarsky |first=Carl Schreck Nikita |title=Tortured Past: On Russian Memorial, Victims And Perpetrators of Stalin's Purges Stand Side By Side |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russian-memorial-victims-and-perpetrators-of-stalin-s-purges-stand-side-by-side/29679174.html |date=2018-12-27 |access-date=2018-12-28}}</ref>
* [[Yemelyan Pugachev]], pretender to the Russian throne and leader of a [[Cossack]] insurrection in 1773–1774
* [[Varlam Shalamov]], writer and soviet dissident; wrote ''[[The Kolyma Tales]]''
* [[Kazys Skučas]], Lithuanian politician and general of the Lithuanian Army
* [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]], [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize laureate]], writer and dissident; wrote ''[[The Gulag Archipelago]]'' and ''[[One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich]]''
* [[Elena Stasova]], Russian communist
* [[Karlo Štajner]], Yugoslav communist activist and writer
* [[Baruch Steinberg]], Chief Rabbi of the Polish Army
* [[Léon Theremin]], a pioneer of electronic music, the inventor of the [[theremin]] and an electronic eavesdropping [[Covert listening device|bug]]
* [[Sergei Tretyakov (writer)|Sergei Tretyakov]], [[Avant-Garde]] playwright during the 1920s; apparently threw himself down a prison stairwell to avoid execution
* [[Augustinas Voldemaras]], once the prime minister of [[Lithuania]], died in this prison after Lithuania was [[occupation of Baltic Republics|occupied]] by the [[Soviet Union]] in 1940
* [[Avgustyn Voloshyn]], former president of [[Carpatho-Ukraine]], died in Butyrka in 1945
* [[Helmuth Weidling]], German ''[[Wehrmacht]]'' general and last commandant of Berlin, died in custody in 1955
* [[Jonas Žemaitis]], Lithuanian general, head of the Lithuanian [[Forest Brothers|anti-Soviet partisan forces]] after World War II, shot to death in 1953;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://genocid.lt/Leidyba/4/nijole3.htm|title=Nijolė Žemaitienė. Generolo Jono Žemaičio vaidmuo partizaniniame kare|website=genocid.lt}}</ref> later recognized as the fourth President of Lithuania in 2009
* [[Abba Gordin]], anarchist