Editing Burlington, New Jersey (section)

===19th century===
As education for girls and young women became emphasized in the 19th century, Bishop George Washington Doane founded St. Mary's Hall in 1837 in association with the Episcopal diocese as the first Episcopal boarding school offering a classical education for girls and the first such school in New Jersey.<ref>[http://www.njwomenshistory.org/item/st-marys-hall/ St. Mary's Hall] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016195003/http://www.njwomenshistory.org/item/st-marys-hall/ |date=October 16, 2019 }}, New Jersey Women's History. Accessed October 16, 2019. "Bishop George Washington Doane founded St. Mary's Hall on May 1, 1837 as an academic, private Episcopal school for girls. At that time, most schools for girls were finishing schools, not institutions like St. Mary's where girls studied the same subjects as boys. St. Mary's was only the third 'church' school for girls in the country and the first in New Jersey."</ref> In the 20th century, a boys' school was added. It is now known as [[Doane Academy]] and is a private, co-educational school for grades from Pre-K through 12th.

The building at 301 High Street houses the oldest continuously operating pharmacy in New Jersey. Originally a dwelling, the ground floor was converted to commercial use around 1845 by William Allinson, a druggist, local historian, and leading Quaker [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolitionist]]. He used the building as a center of anti-slavery activity.<ref>[http://www.tourburlington.org/TourUGRR.html Underground Railroad Tour] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629023543/http://www.tourburlington.org/TourUGRR.html |date=June 29, 2012 }}, City of Burlington Historic District. Accessed June 14, 2012. "301 High Street: This is New Jersey's oldest pharmacy in continuous operation. Burlington Pharmacy was built in 1731, the numerals spelled out in bricks on the gable end facing Union Street. In 1841 commenced pharmacy operations. It was owned, then, by Quaker William J. Allinson, an active abolitionist who used it as a forum for anti-slavery rallies."</ref> [[John Greenleaf Whittier]] denounced slavery from the doorstep, and local tradition holds that fugitive slaves hid in tunnels under the building in their passage on the [[Underground Railroad]]. New Jersey ended slavery, but many fugitives wanted to go farther north, beyond the reach of slave catchers.<ref name=Intensive />
[[File:BNJUndergroundpainting.jpg|alt=By Joshua Davidson / 2024|thumb|A building painting of the underground railroad off Union Street]]
During the 19th century, Burlington City was known for the quality and quantity of its manufacturing. The shoe industry rivaled shipbuilding and canning in prominence.<ref name=Intensive /> The [[1850 United States census]] indicates that the largest number of men were employed in the shoe industry, followed closely by carpentry and bricklaying. J. Frank Budd got his start in the shoe business at a Burlington shoe company just after the Civil War. In 1887, J.F. Budd broke ground for a children's "shoeworks" at the corner of Penn and Dilwyn streets. The company employed approximately 325 people and operated six days a week for ten hours a day. The J.F. Budd Baby Shoe Company billed itself as the "largest baby shoe plant in the world."<ref name=Shermerhorn />

The commercial activity provided revenues for the city's cultural activity. In 1839, a Lyceum was erected as a venue for lectures, concerts, and public meetings. It served in that capacity until 1851, when it was turned over to the city to be used as the City Hall. The municipal offices' move was concurrent with the adoption of a new City charter.<ref name=Shermerhorn />

The Oneida Boat Club was organized in 1873 by a group of 10 members. It is named for one of the original Five Nations of the [[Iroquois Confederacy]], based in New York. Over the next few years, membership in the club grew rapidly. In 1876, they dedicated their newly built clubhouse on the banks of the Delaware River at York Street. The Oneida is the oldest continuously operating boat club located on the Delaware River.<ref name=Intensive />

During the 19th century, the City of Burlington developed in a grid pattern from the main crossroads of High and Broad streets. Blocks of attached rowhouses built in the latest architectural style characterize the city as a 19th-century town. Ferries carried traffic across the Delaware River to Pennsylvania before bridges were built.