Editing Bromeliaceae (section)

=== Radiation of Tillandsioideae and ''Hechtia'' ===
The first groups to leave the Guiana Shield were the subfamily [[Tillandsioideae]], which spread gradually into northern South America, and the genus ''[[Hechtia]]'' (Hechtioideae), which spread to Central America via long-distance dispersal. Both of these movements occurred approximately 15.4 million years ago. When it reached the Andes mountains, the speciation of Tillandsioideae occurred quite rapidly, largely due to the [[Andean orogeny|Andean uplift]], which was also occurring rapidly from 14.2 to 8.7 million years ago. The uplift  greatly altered the region's geological and climatic conditions, creating a new mountainous environment for the epiphytic tillandsioids to colonize. These new conditions directly drove the speciation of the Tillandsioideae, and also drove the speciation of their animal pollinators, such as [[hummingbird]]s.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bleiweiss|first=Robert|date=September 1998|title=Tempo and mode of hummingbird evolution|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|language=en|volume=65|issue=1|pages=63–76|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1998.tb00351.x|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hoorn|first1=C.|last2=Wesselingh|first2=F. P.|last3=ter Steege|first3=H.|last4=Bermudez|first4=M. A.|last5=Mora|first5=A.|last6=Sevink|first6=J.|last7=Sanmartin|first7=I.|last8=Sanchez-Meseguer|first8=A.|last9=Anderson|first9=C. L.|last10=Figueiredo|first10=J. P.|last11=Jaramillo|first11=C.|date=2010-11-12|title=Amazonia Through Time: Andean Uplift, Climate Change, Landscape Evolution, and Biodiversity |journal=Science|language=en|volume=330|issue=6006|pages=927–931|doi=10.1126/science.1194585|pmid=21071659|bibcode=2010Sci...330..927H|s2cid=206528591|issn=0036-8075|url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/42535/10/Figure2.pdf}}</ref>