Editing British Somaliland (section)

===Dervish uprising===
{{Main|Dervish movement (Somali)}}

[[File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-8-36.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|right|Aerial view of [[Mohammed Abdullah Hassan]]'s main fort in [[Taleh]], the capital of his [[Dervish movement (Somali)|Dervish movement]]]]

Beginning in 1899, the British were forced to expend considerable human and military capital to contain a decades-long resistance mounted by the [[Dervish movement (Somali)|Dervish movement]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ahHabajshuwC&q=Dervish+muslim+resistance+movement&pg=PA71 |title=State Collapse and Post-conflict Development in Africa: The Case of Somalia (1960-2001) |last=Mohamoud |first=Abdullah A. |date=2006 |publisher=Purdue University Press |isbn=9781557534132 |language=en |access-date=25 October 2020 |archive-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803081916/https://books.google.com/books?id=ahHabajshuwC&q=Dervish+muslim+resistance+movement&pg=PA71 |url-status=live }}</ref> The movement was led by [[Sayyid]] [[Mohammed Abdullah Hassan]], a Somali religious leader referred to colloquially by the British as the "Mad Mullah".<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MU02oAEACAAJ |title=Mad Mullah of Somaliland |last=Jardine |first=Douglas James |date=2015-10-15 |publisher=Naval & Military Press |isbn=9781781519820 |language=en}}</ref> Repeated military expeditions were unsuccessfully launched against Hassan and his Dervishes before [[World War I]].

[[File:Somalia1911.png|thumb|upright=0.6|left|1911 map of [[Somaliland]] and [[Somalia]] showing British Somaliland and [[Italian Somaliland]]]]
On 9 August 1913, the Somaliland Camel Constabulary suffered a serious defeat at the [[Battle of Dul Madoba]] at the hands of the Dervishes. Hassan had already evaded several attempts to capture him. At Dul Madoba, his forces killed or wounded 57 members of the 110-man Constabulary unit, including the British commander, Colonel [[Richard Corfield]].

In 1914, the British created the [[Somaliland Camel Corps]] to assist in maintaining order in British Somaliland.

In 1920, the British launched their [[1920 conflict between British forces and Somaliland dervishes|fifth and final expedition]] against Hassan and his followers. Employing the then-new technology of military aircraft, the British finally managed to quell Hassan's twenty-year-long struggle. The British tricked Hassan into preparing for an official visit, then launched bombing raids in the city of [[Taleh]] where most of his troops were stationed, causing the mullah to retreat into the desert.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ross |first1=Sherwood |title=How the United States Reversed Its Policy on Bombing Civilians |url=https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-133755144 |publisher=The Humanist |access-date=11 September 2014 |archive-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803081917/https://www.gale.com/databases/questia |url-status=live }}</ref> Hassan and his Dervish supporters fled to the Ogaden, where Hassan died in 1921.<ref>Samatar, ''The state and rural transformation in Northern Somalia'', p. 39</ref>