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===Climate=== The [[climate of the British Isles]] is mild,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/geologyOfBritain/iceAge/home.html |title=Ice and our landscape {{!}} Geology of Britain {{!}} British Geological Survey (BGS)|website=www.bgs.ac.uk |access-date=19 November 2019}}</ref> moist and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. It is defined as a temperate oceanic climate, or ''Cfb'' on the [[Köppen climate classification]] system, a classification it shares with most of north-west Europe.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Peel, M. C. |author2=Finlayson B. L. |author3=McMahon, T. A. |year=2007 |title= Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification | journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=1633–1644 |url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html |issn=1027-5606 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |bibcode=2007HESS...11.1633P |doi-access=free}} ''(direct: [http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf Final Revised Paper])''.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.met.ie/marine/marine_climatology.asp|title=Marine Climatology|publisher=Met Éireann|access-date=30 January 2008}}</ref> The [[North Atlantic Current|North Atlantic Drift]] ("Gulf Stream"), which flows from the Gulf of Mexico, brings with it significant moisture and raises temperatures {{convert|11|C-change||abbr=on}} above the global average for the islands' latitudes.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mayes |first=Julian |author2=Dennis Wheeler |title=Regional Climates of the British Isles |url=https://archive.org/details/regionalclimates00whee |url-access=limited |year=1997 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/regionalclimates00whee/page/n36 13]}}</ref> Most Atlantic [[Low-pressure area|depressions]] pass to the north of the islands; combined with the general [[Westerlies|westerly circulation]] and interactions with the landmass, this imposes a general east–west variation in climate.<ref><!--Mayes, ''Regional Climates of the British Isles''-->Ibid., pp. 13–14.</ref> There are four distinct climate patterns: south-east, with cold winters, warm and dry summers; south-west, having mild and very wet winters, warm and wet summers; north-west, generally wet with mild winters and cool summers; and north-east with cold winters, cool summers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UK Climate Factsheet |url=https://www.rgs.org/CMSPages/GetFile.aspx?nodeguid=4abef83d-916e-4b81-b156-286947cc5de3&lang=en-GB |website= |publisher=[[Royal Geographical Society]] |type=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The climate of the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zpykxsg/revision/3 |access-date=19 November 2019 |website=[[BBC Bitesize]]}}</ref>
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